Module 6 Nervous System Flashcards
(169 cards)
1
Q
Weak compared to morphine, opioid agonist, usually combined
A
Oxycodone
2
Q
Oxycodone + ASA
A
Percodan
3
Q
Oxycodone + Acetaminophen
A
Percocet
4
Q
Oxycodone + Motrin
A
Combunox
5
Q
Oxycodone is available as a __________ and is given q ___
A
Sustained release q 12 hrs
6
Q
Hydrocodone + Tylenol
A
Vicodin
7
Q
Hydrocodone + Ibuprofen
A
Vicoprofen
8
Q
Hydrocodone + Codeine
A
Antitussive
9
Q
Where does morphine sulfate come from
A
White poppy plant
10
Q
What is the drug of choice for post MI, PE
A
Morphine Sulfate
11
Q
Short acting Morphine Sulfate lasts for how long
A
4-5 hrs
12
Q
How long does the sustained release form of Morphine Sulfate last
A
(Roxanol) 8hrs
MS contin 12 hrs
13
Q
4 Side effects of Morphine Sulfate
A
decreased CNS
Euphoria
Paradoxical excitement
Pinpoint pupils
14
Q
What is another word for pinpoint pupils
A
Myosis
15
Q
What are 3 cases where Morphine Sulfate is contraindicated
A
COPD
Head injury
Tolerance
16
Q
Mu, Kappa, and Delta are examples of
A
Narcotic Analgesics
17
Q
Works by binding to opiate sites
A
Narcotic Analgesics
18
Q
Agonists __________ while Antagonists _________
A
elicit a response
Do not
19
Q
An example of an Opioid Agonist is
A
Morphine
20
Q
An example of an Opioid Agonist/Antagonist is
A
Talwin
21
Q
And example of an Opioid Antagonist is
A
Narcan
22
Q
Mimics the neurotransmitter endorphin and Enkephalin that are the bodies natural analgesic to increase pain threshold
A
Narcotic Analgesics
23
Q
Drug group that works by changing perception of pain
A
Narcotic Analgesics
24
Q
What does morphine attach itself to in the body
A
the mu receptor site
25
Narcotic Analgesic Withdrawal can lead to (3)
Diarrhea, large pupils, stomach cramps
26
Talwin attached itself to
Kappa and Delta sites
27
When are Agonists-Antagonists used
when patient cant tolerate Agonist
28
What are 3 side effects of Agonists-Antagonists
Vertigo, euphoria, hallucination
29
What are 2 advantages of Agonists-Antagonists
less resp depression and less dependency
30
Pentazocine + ASA
Talwin
31
Prevents or reverses opiate effects
Antagonist
32
Salicylates, NSAIDS, and Tylenol are examples of
Analgesic Non-narcotic
33
What are Analgesic Non-narcotic used for usually
migraine
34
blocks impulse within the sympathetic nervous system - produces vasoconstriction
Ergot Derivatives
35
Used to reduce frequency and intensity of migraines
Ergot Derivatives
36
Bind with vascular receptors to produce vasoconstriction
Triptans
37
What is a major side effect of Triptans
Fibrosis in heart and lungs (stroke)
38
How frequent do we administer Triptans
Give for 1 mo, then rest for 4-6 mo
39
Ergot + Caffeine
Cafergot
40
Hold drugs when resp is below
12
41
Pin point pupils are a sign of
toxicity
42
Allays fear and excitement
Sedatives
43
Induces sleep
Hypnotics
44
When are Sedatives / Hypnotics used
Insomnia
45
What are two types of Sedatives / Hypnotics
Barbiturates and Non Barbiturates
46
Inhibit the uptake of Gamma aminobutyric Acid
Barbiturates and Non Barbiturates
47
How are Barbiturates classified
based on onset of action and duration
48
GABA is a
CNS neurotransmitter
49
What is the antidote for Barbiturates
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
50
Up to how long should Barbiturates be used
2 weeks
51
Barbiturates should not be used to mask pain as it has no
has no analgesic effect
52
What are the 4 stages in order of Anesthesia
Analgesia
Excitement/Delirium
Surgical Anesthesia
Medullary paralysis
53
Gases for Anesthesia are usually combined with
Oxygen
54
What are two drugs that help to balance Anesthesia
Cyclopropane
| Nitrous Oxide
55
General Anesthesia by injection is preferred _____ to gases
prior
56
Neuroleptanalgesia (Innovar) is used for
moderate to deep sedation
57
What is a major side effect of Anesthesia
Malignant hyperthermia
58
Temp 105+ , tachycardia, cardiac arrest are signs of
Malignant hyperthermia
59
What is the tx for Malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene (Dantrium)
60
Used to change permeability of nerve cell, alter nerve conduction
Local Anesthetics
61
Local anesthetics come from
coca plants
62
Spinal Anesthesia is given where
into the subarachnoid space between 2nd and 4th
63
Epidural Anesthesia is given where
epidural space L1 - L2
64
What are 4 things we must do before inducing Anesthesia
Empty bladder
Ensure post voiding
Baseline B/P, RR
Ensure return of sensation
65
Pre anesthetic drugs are used to
Decrease anxiety, secretions, and chance of N&V
66
Abnormal disturbance in electrical activity of the brain means pt. may be experiencing a
seizure
67
Used to stabilize nerve cell against hyperexcitability
Hydantoins
68
Used for seizures that are hard to control, also used in children
Barbiturates
69
Used for all types of seizures including status epilepticus
Benzodiazepines
70
Used for Petit-Mal seizures when safer drugs are not effective
Oxazolidinediones
71
Used for a general Petit-Mal Seizure
Succinimides
72
Used for obesity, and appetite suppression
Anorexiants
73
When should anorexiants be used
30-60min b4 meals
74
Counteracts the effects of narcotics, increases wakefulness, used for ADHD
Non-Anorexiants
75
Non-anorexiants can only be used in children (age)
6+
76
Narcotic Analgesics that are delta only affect the
Spinal Cord
77
Antagonists do not elicit a response they
block, reverse the effects
78
Narcotic Analgesics do not affect nerve ending and do not decrease sensation so how do they help the pain
Pain threshold is increased altering their emotional needs
79
Narcotics should be around the clock for the best ________ response
therapeutic
80
After first 24 hours, Narcotic Analgesics should be administered
PRN 24 hrs
81
Opioids can also be used adjuvantly for
Anti-diarrheal (not morphine - codeine
82
What do we give a patient that needs relief of anxiety and fear of death in MI and PE
Codeine
83
#of tylenol and Codeine combination indicates what
Codeine x 7.5 (amount)
84
How long is Transdermal Duragesic patch good for
72 hrs
85
What vital sign will drop with use of demerol
B/P
86
Demerol can be given PO and is a drug that goes through
First pass effect
87
When do we give Methadone (Dolophine)
For people who depend on opioid substance. For abuse. When they want to ween off from opioids
88
Alfentanil (Alfenta) is used to _______ while Sufentanil (Sufenta) is used for __________
induce
| balance
89
intrathecal morphine lasts for
24hrs
90
Tolerance is usually the first sign of
dependency
91
Naltrexone (Revia,trexan) can be used to
decrease cravings of alcohol
92
Where is Buprenorphine (Buprenex) used
Behavioral health setting
93
Where is Nalbuphine (Nubain) used
Peds setting
94
Rush of blood flow to the brain, where cranial blood vessels are dilated results in a
Migraine
95
Triptans were developed specifically for
Migraines Acute attacks
96
If on Triptans or migraine medications for more than 10 days what can happen when they d.c. med
rebound h/a
97
Beta Blocker used for migraines
Propranolol
98
How are PCA safe so they pt. cannot Overdose the drug
Lockout mechanism
99
An adjuvant med that is used for Neuropathic pain is
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
100
Lancinating pain is
stabbing pain
101
Sedatives in a severe case can be given as a
tranquilizer
102
Intermediate acting barbiturates are also called
Anticonvulsants
103
What must we assess before baseline data for Barbiturates
PERLA
104
CNS depressants can also be called
Barbiturates
105
How should patients take ambien
W/O food, before sleep
106
How do we give Chloral Hydrate (Noctec)
Dilute with milk or juice
107
The only way to take away sensation is to induce
anesthesia
108
To block nerve conduction without loss of consciousness is called
Local / Regional anesthesia
109
If general anesthesia is administered by inhalation pt. will not need
Life support
110
Most common used gas for weak anesthesia
Nitrous Oxide
111
Volatile liquids _______ on exposure
Evaporate
112
Ketamine (Ketaject) "Special K" can be used for
Conscious anesthesia where we don't need deep sedation
113
What is a side effect of Ketamine (Ketaject) "Special K"
hallucinations
114
Pandemonium Bromide can be used to treat
Malignant hyperthermia
115
Most local anesthetics end in
ane
116
Before a Spinal Anesthesia is given what are two things we must do
Baseline B/P
| lay pt flat
117
How is pt. positioned when given nerve blocks
sitting or side lying
118
What happens when patients miss there anti-seizure meds
status epilepticus
119
Dilantin is a drug commonly prescribed as a
anticonvulsant
120
Long term use of anticonvulsants can lead to
Gingival Hyperplasia
121
Benzodiazepines are similar to barbiturates in ONE way and that is
both decrease GABA, increasing relaxation
122
Drug of choice to treat static epilepticus
Lorazepam (ativan)
123
Succinimides work by
increasing seizure threshold
124
What are 2 major side effects of Oxazolidinones
Pancytopenia and nephrosis
125
Pancytopenia is the
suppression of RBCs
126
Oxazolidinones are used when
other meds are unsuccessful
127
When CNS stimulants are wearing off what is a major side effect
drowsiness
128
Anorexiants should only be used for
1-5mo
129
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a
CNS Stimulant Amphetamines
130
Hydromorphone HCL (Dilaudid) is a
Opioid Analgesic Agonist
131
Meperidine (Demerol) is a
Opioid Analgesic Agonist
132
Methadone HCL (Dolophine Methadose) is a
Opioid Analgesic Agonist
133
Butorphanol (Stadol) is a
Opioid Analgesic Agonist-Antagonist
134
Oxycodone + ASA
Percodan
135
Naloxone is a
Opioid Analgesic Antagonist
136
Gabapentin (Neurontin) is a
Anticonvulsant
137
Gabapentin (Neurontin) is used adjuvantly for
peripheral neuropathy
138
Secobarbital (Seconal) is a
barbiturate
139
Triazolam (Halcion) is a
Sedative / Hypnotic (Benzodiazepines)
140
Phenytoin (Dilantin) is a
Anticonvulsant
141
What is the therapeutic level for Phenytoin (Dilantin)
10-20mcg
142
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is a
Anticonvulsant
143
Valproic Acid (Depakene) is a
Anticonvulsant
144
Valproic Acid (Depakene) is used for
Static epilepticus long term proph.
145
Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet) is a
Anti-parkinsons
146
Trihexyphenidyl HCL is used for
Cholinergically blocking drugs for Parkinsons disease
147
Alprazolam (Xanax) is a
Benzodiazepine
148
Alprazolam (Xanax) is used for
Anti-anxiety
149
Zolpidem tartrate (Ambien) is used for
Sedative/Hypnotic Nonbenzodiazepine
150
Fentanyl Transdermal System (Duragesic) is a
Opioid Analgesic Agonist
151
Each time a patient requests a opioid analgesic, the nurse must
determine the exact location and intensity of the pain
152
When administering an opioid analgesic what is an adverse affect we must mointor for
Confusion
153
What opioid is prescribed for a patient who is experiencing an overdose
Naloxone
154
How long before surgery should anesthetics be given
30min
155
What is the most common drug used for general anesthesia
Nitrous Oxide
156
What two drugs accomplish Neuroleptanalgesia
Fentanyl + Droperidol
157
Xanax is contraindicated in a patient with a
psychotic disorder
158
What side effect should nurse monitor for Opioid Analgesics that indicates allergic reaction
Urticaria
159
For a patient on Opioid therapy, also prescribed Barbiturates what side effect is most likely to occur
Resp Depression
160
Which body system does not adapt and compensate for the secondary effects of opioids
GI system
161
Lactating females should wait how long before breastfeeding infant
4-6 hrs
162
An opioid antagonist is most commonly prescribed to
reverse the effect of pain medication
163
What is the onset of Narcan when its use is for reversing Opioid induced Resp depression
1-2min
164
Which stage of general anesthesia begins with a loss of consciousness
Analgesia
165
Preanesthetic drugs are contraindicated in patients over
60
166
What drug group should be administered with pre anesthetic drug to decrease upper respiratory tract secretions
Cholinergic-blocking drug
167
What is an example of a regional anesthesia
Spinal anesthesia
168
CNS stimulants for ADHD should be administered
30 min before breakfast
169
Before administering non barbiturate what allergy should we check for
Egg or soybean
