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Zoo Lec > Module 4 Annelida > Flashcards

Module 4 Annelida Flashcards

1
Q

They are segmented worms, have a trochophore larva (Lophotrochozoan), found in marine, freshwater,
and moist terrestrial habitats.

A

Annelida

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2
Q

They exhibit true segmentation or metamerism

A

Annelida

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3
Q

What do segments do?

A

The segments (annuli)
contain repeated external
and internal morphological
features. Segments work together for
the whole organism.

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4
Q

True or False: In most species (except leeches),
each segment has chitinous extensions called chaetae/setae
that aid in movement.

A

True

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5
Q

What does each segment of an Annelida have that aid in movement?

A

They have chitinous extensions called Chaetae/setae

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6
Q

What do short satae/chaetae segments do?

A

Short setae anchor
segments

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7
Q

What do long satae do?

A

long setae aid in
swimming in aquatic forms

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8
Q

True or False: Typical annelids have a 2 part
head, a segmented body, and a
terminal portion

A

True

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9
Q

Terminal portion of an annelid is called?

A

Pygmidium

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10
Q

Parts of the head of an annelid

A

prostomium and
peristomium

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11
Q

This part of an annelid contains the anus

A

Pygmidium

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12
Q

True or False: The head and pygmidium are
not considered segments

A

True

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13
Q

Where are older segments found?

A

Older segments are found in the
anterior end.

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14
Q

True or false: All annelids have a true coelom

A

True

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15
Q

True or false: Annelids’ coelom forms via schizocoely

A

True

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16
Q

True or False: Coelom is composed of
paired compartments in
each segment

A

True

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17
Q

Partitions are called?

A

Septa

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18
Q

What is the function of a septa

A

Septa prevent
movement of fluids
between segments

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19
Q

True or False: Body wall surrounding the coelom is lined with circular and
longitudinal muscles

A

True

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20
Q

How do annelids move?

A

Annelids move by
producing alternating
waves of contraction.

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21
Q

True or False: Most annelids (except leeches)
have a fluid filled coelom that serves as a hydrostatic skeleton

A

True

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22
Q

True or False: Annelids have a complete
digestive system with
specialized organs

A

True

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23
Q

A ________ facilitate excretion in Annelids

A

A pair of nephridia

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24
Q

True or False: Gas exchange is either
through skin, gills, or
parapodia

A

True

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25
Annelids have a _________ circulatory system
Closed circulatory system
26
True or False: Annelids have a closed circulatory system with **aortic arches (“hearts”) for pumping blood**
True
27
True or False: Nervous system of an annelid is well-developed with **2 ventral nerve cords** and **a nerve ring around the pharynx**
True
28
True or False: Nervous system of an annelid has a double ventral nerve cord and paired ganglia
True
29
_______ of an annelid is made up of a pair of dorsal ganglia
Brain
30
True or False: Annelids are either monoecious or dioecious
True
31
_________ annelids have permanent gonads
Monoecious
32
______ annelids have temporary gonads
Dioecious
33
In annelid, asexual reproduction occurs via?
Asexual reproduction occurs via fission and fragmentation (Capable of complete regeneration)
34
3 historical classes of Annelids
Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea
35
Two historical class of annelid that are paraphyletic
Polychaeta and Oligochaeta
36
_____ is used as a descriptive term to refer to annelids with many setae
Polychaete
37
Modern molecular phylogeny supports what 2 main groups containing most annelids:
Sedentaria and Errantia
38
**Mostly marine** and have multiple setae per segment
Errant polychaetes
39
Each segment has paired, fleshy appendages called ?
Parapodia
40
These are the **primary respiratory organs** of an Errantia
Parapodia
41
True or false: Some errantia have gills while some have parapodia
True
42
True or False: Errantia are usually predators or scavengers
True
43
True or False: The Sensory organs of Errentia are highly developed
True
44
Why are sensory organs of Errentia highly developed?
Because their eyes range from simple eyespots to well-developed eyes
45
True or False: Errentia have no permanent sex organs
True
46
True or False: Gonads are **temporary swellings of the peritoneum** and gametes are shed into the coelom
True
47
True or False: Fertilization is external in Errentia
True
48
Contains sedentary polychaetes and oligochaetes that live in tubes or burrows. It also includes clade Clitellata based on molecular data
Sedentaria
49
True or False: Body plan of Sedentaria is similar to Errantia, but with tentacles around the head for feeding
True
50
They are small and are sometimes **used to anchor the worm**
Parapodia
51
Earthworms and relatives (Oligochaeta) and leeches (Hirudinea). Have fewer, reduced chaetae or no chaetae
Clade Clitellata
52
True or False: Clade Clitellata contain a clitellum.
True
53
Where is clitellum always visible?
The clitellum is always visible in **mature oligochaetes** but is only visible in **leeches during mating season**
54
This is a *ring structure in the skin that secretes* **mucus for reproduction**
Clitellum
55
True or False: *All* Clade Clitellata are **monoecious**
True
56
True or false: **Development** in a Clade Clitellata is **direct**
True
57
Why is development direct in Clade Clitellata?
Young develop inside a cocoon secreted by the clitellum and emerge
58
True or False: Trochophore is not visible during the development
True
59
These are paraphyletic, most are terrestrial or freshwater with a few parasitic, marine, and brackish forms, and setae are less numerous than in polychaetes.
Oligochaetes
60
True or False: Aquatic worms have longer setae
True
61
True or False: Oligochaetes have typical annelid body plan other than digestive and nervous systems and these Lack parapodia (Setae extend directly from the body wall)
True
62
True or False: Most are scavengers in Oligochaetes
True (Earthworms feed on decaying organic matter)
63
This is along the esophagus that **reduce the concentration of calcium ions in the blood** and **regulate acid-base balance**
Calciferous glands
64
Where is food stored in Oligochaetes?
Food is stored in the **crop** then **passed** on to the **gizzard** for **grinding into small pieces**
65
True or False: In Oligochaetes, Digestion and absorption occur in the **small intestine**
True
66
A dorsal **infolding of the intestine** that **increases surface area**
Typhlosole
67
True or False: In the circulation and respiration of Earthworms, they have **double transport system** carries food, waste, and gases:
True
68
True or False: The blood contains hemoglobin in some species of Earthworms
True
69
True or False: In Earthworms, gas exchange is cutaneous
True
70
In excretion, each segment contains paired metanephridia except?
Except for the first 3 segments and the final segment
71
What do Aquatic oligochaetes excrete?
Aquatic oligochaetes excrete ammonia
72
What do terrestrial polychaetes excrete?
terrestrial polychaetes excrete urea
73
True or false: In Earthworms, they have typical annelid nervous system
True
74
Most have large axons called ________ that have increased rates of conduction
Giant axons
75
True or False: In Earthworms/Oligochaete, sense organs are distributed all over the body
True
76
True or False: Earthworms have no eyes
True
77
True or False: Earthworms primarily rely on chemical and tactile signals
True
78
True or False: Earthworms have some learning ability
True
79
True or false: **Earthworms are monoecious**
True
80
What keep the worms together during reproduction?
Mucus from the clitellum
81
What helps penetration during reproduction
Modified setae
82
True or False: Earthworms are beneficial to the soil
True
83
True or False: Earthworm activity mixes topsoil and subsoil
True
84
Earthworms are the “_____ of the soil”
Intestines of the soil
85
True or False: When earthworms ingest soil, they add nitrogenous products
True
86
**True leeches**, **Completely lack setae**, Have exactly **34 segments**, *Mostly freshwater*, *many* are *carnivores,* *some* are **parasites**
Order Hirudinea
87
True or false: Leeches have no distinct coelomic compartments
True
88
True or False: in Order Hirudinea, Coelom is reduced
True
89
Since coelom is reduced, Coelom is filled with connective tissue and a system of spaces called
Lacunae
90
True or False: **Most freshwater leeches** are **predators or scavengers**
True
91
True or False: Leeches feed on fluids
True (Many prefer tissue fluids and blood from open wounds)
92
True or False: True bloodsuckers have **chitinous** “jaws” for **cutting skin**
True
93
True or false: In Leeches, Salivary glands secrete an **anaesthetic and anticoagulants**
True
94
How are leeches traditionally used?
Leeches were used traditionally for bloodletting throughout history
95
Leeches are used in modern medicine as well, how?
Leeches are used to relieve congestion in reattached appendages while the blood vessels heal
96
True or False: Leeches have “2 brains”
True
97
How many pairs do Anterior and Posterior ends have?
Anterior : 6 pairs fused ganglia Posterior: 7 pairs
98
True or false: Leeches are monoecious
True
99
In leeches, this occurs during mating.
Cross-fertilization occurs during mating
100
How is sperm transferred?
Sperm is transferred by hypodermic impregnation
101
True or False: *Some* retain an **oligochaete circulatory system** while *other* **lack traditional blood vessels** and **rely on the coelomic sinuses**
True

Zoo Lec (8 decks)

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