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Zoo Lec > Module 6 Echino and Hemi > Flashcards

Module 6 Echino and Hemi Flashcards

1
Q

“Mouth second”

A

Deuterostomes

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2
Q

True or False: In Deuterostomes, blastopore develops into the
anus

A

True

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3
Q

True or False: All deuterostomes are
eucoelomate

A

True

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4
Q

The ancestral deuterostome was
likely a filter-feeding animal

A

True

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5
Q

How does water circulate in an ancestral deuterostome?

A

Water enters the mouth and
exits the gill slits

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6
Q

What did modern echinoderms lost?

A

Secondarily lost gill slits

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7
Q

It is a clade within
Deuterostomia

A

Ambulacraria

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8
Q

Ambulacraria contains two phyla, what are those two?

A

Echinodermata and Hemichordata

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9
Q

It is called “Spiny skin”

A

Echinodermata

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10
Q

How many living species does Echinodermata have?

A

7000

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11
Q

Examples of Echinodermata?

A

Sea Stars, Brittle Stars, Sea Cucumbers, and Sea Urchins

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12
Q

True or False: Echinodermatas are radially symmetrical

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: Ancestral Echinodermata were bilaterally symmetrical

A

True

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14
Q

Echinodermatas are found in what kind of aquatic environment

A

Exclusively found in marine
environments

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15
Q

True or False: Echinodermata are common in
deep oceans

A

True

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16
Q

These are are the most abundant animals in the Philippine Trench

A

Sea cucumbers

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17
Q

True or False: Most echinoderms cannot osmoregulate against strong concentration gradients

A

True

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18
Q

True or False: None of the Echinodermata are parasitic

A

True

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19
Q

True or False: In characteristics, Echinodermata’s coelom is extensive

A

True

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20
Q

True or False: Echinodermatas coelom is divided into 3 parts

A

True

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21
Q

Echinodermata’s coelom modifies into what?

A

Perivisceral cavity and the
Water Vascular system

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22
Q

Part of the coelom of Echinodermata that is modified into a water vascular system consist of two canals

A

Consists of a central ring canal and radial canals along each arm

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23
Q

Seawater circulates around this system to facilitate gas exchange and hydrostatic pressure

A

Water Vascular system

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24
Q

Circulation of seawater into water vascular system facilitates what?

A

Gas exchange and hydrostatic pressure

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25
This expand and contract with the pressure in the water vascular system
Tube feet
26
What is the movement of the Tube Feet?
Slow but powerful movement
27
This regulates the amount of water coming into the system
Madreporite
28
Where is Madreporite located?
At the top of the body
29
True or False: Each tube foot is a **hollow muscular tube** with a *muscular sac* on the **inner end** and a *sucker* on the **outer end**
True
30
Tube feet also has other functions such as?
Facilitate gas exchange and nitrogenous waste excretion
31
Nutrients are circulated by _______
Hemal system and Peritoneal cilia
32
True or False: In Echinoderm, *hemal system* is **reduced**, **peritoneal cilia** are the *main circulatory structure*
True
33
True or False: In echinoderms, digestive system usually complete.
True
34
Mouth is on what location or surface?
Ventral surface
35
Mouth opens or leads to what?
Mouth is on the ventral surface and opens to a short esophagus into a large stomach
36
True or False: Echinoderms have a true **endoskeleton**
True
37
Endoskeleton are made up of tiny “bones” called?
Ossicles
38
Echinoderms have **simple nervous system**
True
39
True or False: Echinoderms' nervous system compose of circumoral nerve ring with 5 nerves extending outward along the arms
True
40
True or False: Echinoderms has no structures similar to a brain
True
41
True or False: Echinoderms are dioecious
True (No sexual dimorphism; males and females are identical apart from gametes)
42
What is the Fertilization of Echinoderms?
External Fertilization
43
True or False: The larvae of Echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical
True
44
Sea stars, brittle stars, and sea cucumbers can reproduce asexually through?
Fragmentation
45
True or False: In echinoderms, body parts lost can grow back even if ~75% of the body is gone
True
46
5 classes of Echinoderm:
○ **A**steroidea ○ **O**phiuroidea ○ **E**chinoidea ○ **C**rinoidea ○ **H**olothuroidea
47
Characterized by **thick arms extending** from a central disk
Asteroidea (sea stars)
48
Characterized by **usually** having *5 arms*, **organs branch out into the arms**,
Asteroidea (sea stars)
49
Where can Asteroidea's (sea star) eye spots and touch receptors be found?
End of each arm
50
True or False: Asteriodea are mostly carnivores
True
51
Asteriodea's tube feet are used for?
Gripping surfaces and catching prey
52
Main prey of sea stars?
Mollusks
53
How do sea stars catch their prey?
Sea stars wrap around their prey, attach their tube feet to the valves, then pull
54
True or False: Sea Stars (Asteroidea) have 2 stomachs
True
55
True or False: One stomach can protrude through the mouth and secrete digestive enzymes onto the prey prior to ingestion
True
56
They feed on coral polyps, large herds of these can destroy significant portions of coral reefs
Acanthaster planci(crown-of-thorns starfish)
57
Spine of Acanthaster planci(crown-of-thorns starfish) are covered in?
Plancitoxins
58
Plancitoxins are toxins that causes what?
Liver damage
59
True or False: Human activity allows Acanthaster planci(crown-of-thorns starfish) to proliferate
True
60
Factors on how Acanthaster planci(crown-of-thorns starfish) thrive?
■ Nutrient rich runoff increases planktonic food for larvae ■ Overfishing eliminates potential predators
61
Largest group of echinoderms, similar to sea stars but with long, thin, and flexible arms
Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
62
True or False: Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) only have 5 arms but the arms may be branched in some species
True
63
True or False: Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) tube feet lack suckers
True
64
True or False: Ophiuroidea's (brittle stars) water vascular system isn’t used for movement
True
65
How do Ophiuroidea move?
Brittle stars move by lashing out the arms or wrapping them around objects and pulling
66
True or False: Ophiuroidea has no anus
True
67
True or False: Ophiuroidea are mostly suspension feeders
True
68
These class of Echinodermata lack arms, flat or hemispherical with 5 rows of tube feet along the bottom, Oral surface (surface with tube feet) expanded to the aboral side close to the anus
Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars)
69
These class of Echinodermata elongate with 5 rows of tube feet along the bottom for movement
Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
70
True or False: Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)'s ossicles are reduced
True
71
Since Holothuroidea's ossicles are reduced their bodies are now?
Soft bodied
72
True or False: Holothuroidea's tube feet around the mouth modified into tentacles for feeding
True
73
The only echinoderms with bilateral symmetry
Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
74
What can Sea cucumbers eject as a defense mechanism?
Parts of their viscera
75
True or False: Sea cucumber's lost organs can be regenerated
True
76
This class of echinodermata are stalked suspension feeders, arms are branched and lined with tube feet
Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars)
77
Which Crinoidea are sessile and can move?
Sea lilies are sessile; feather stars can move
78
They are formerly considered a subphylum of Chordata
Hemichordata
79
Why are Hemichordata now not considered a subphylym of Chordata?
Due to gill slits and a rudimentary notochord of Hemichordates is not homologous to chordate notochord
80
True or False: Gill slits are now considered a basal deuterostome character
True
81
These are wormlike seafloor dwellers, **mostly sedentary**, Cosmopolitan but difficult to sample
Hemichordata
82
True or False: Hemichordates are coelomate
True
83
Hemichordates 3 body parts
○ Proboscis ○ Collar ○ Trunk
84
■ Active part of the animal ■ Tonguelike structure covered in mucus and cilia for collecting food particles ■ Used to burrow in some species
Proboscis

Zoo Lec (8 decks)

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