Module 7 Final Flashcards
0
Q
Usually a precipitation factor for cancer; appears as a white, leathery patch that cannot be identified as any other white lesion:
A
Leukoplakia
1
Q
_____ is/are painful lesions appearing in the oral cavity that is/are sometimes referred to as canker sore(s).
A
Aphthous ulcers
2
Q
Defined as the study of diseases that occurs in the oral cavity:
A
Oral pathology
3
Q
_____ can be localized at a wound site, or can manifest in a person’s muscles or joints.
A
Tetanus
4
Q
A _______ helps to bring about the inflammatory process by increasing the blood flow to the area involved, which in turn causes redness and heat.
A
Histamine
5
Q
Any abnormal tissue appearing in the mouth:
A
Oral lesion
6
Q
Which instrument can be used to measure oral lesions?
A
Periodontal probe
7
Q
Using a VELscope, any suspicious tissue in the oral cavity will appear:
A
Dark
8
Q
A biopsy is sent to the laboratory to be examined by the _____.
A
Pathologist
9
Q
A common type of oral lesion found in the oral cavity that extends below the surface of the oral mucosa:
A
Ulcer
10
Q
An example of a lesion that extends below the mucosal surfaces:
A
Cyst
11
Q
A periapical abscess forms at the _____ of a tooth.
A
Apex
12
Q
A bullae is a fluid-filled blister that is more than _____ in diameter.
A
One-half inch
13
Q
A lesion that ranges in size from a pinhead to less than one-half inch in diameter is called a:
A
Papule
14
Q
A lesion that resembles a blister but is filled with blood caused by a ruptured blood vessel:
A
Hematoma
15
Q
A small lump of tissue, either firm or soft, and more than one-quarter inch in diameter:
A
Nodule
16
Q
Repeated injury to an area in the oral cavity can result in a lesion called:
A
Granulomas
17
Q
A chronic infection caused by an aerobic bacterium:
A
Actinomycosis
18
Q
Effective treatment for tuberculosis has been available since the:
A
1940s
19
Q
_____ is a form of herpes simplex virus type I (HSV I), which affects the body above the waist.
A
Herpes labialis
20
Q
_____ is extremely painful, and occurs as a crusting ulceration on the fingers or the hands.
A
Herpetic whitlow
21
Q
A term used to describe a disease that is normally seen in children from 6 months to about age 6:
A
Herpetic gingivostomatitis
22
Q
Herpes simplex virus ____ can appear in the oral cavity, but usually affects the body below the waist.
A
Type II
23
Q
_____ are known as canker sores, and are common ulcerations that can recur in the oral cavity.
A
Aphthous ulcers
24
Occurs when radiation is received for treatment of head and neck cancers! and affects the blood vessels, bones! and salivary glands:
Radiation mucositis
25
A term that means inflammation of the tongue:
Glossitis
26
A term used to describe any red patch of tissue in the oral cavity:
Erythoplakia
27
An inherited condition of the teeth in which there are defects in the formation of enamel:
Amelogenesis imperfecta
28
When the enamel appears bluish in color or opalescent, this condition is called:
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
29
Abnormally small teeth usually see in Down syndrome patients:
Microdontia
30
Anaerobic bacteria rely on oxygen in order to survive.
False
31
While he was working, one of Louis Pasteur's bacterial cultures became contaminated with a patch of mold, leading to the accidental discovery of penicillin.
False
32
A spore cell might lie dormant and survey for weeks, even years, through drought, heat, chemicals, and even radiation.
True
33
A community of microorganisms is called a biofilm, and is implicated in many infections and sometimes found in the oral cavity.
True
34
Bacteria are the smallest microorganisms and viruses are the largest.
False
35
_____ is the branch of science concerned with the study of living organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Microbiology
36
____ became the first known scientist to study microorganisms.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
37
In _____, Louis Pasteur successfully showed that life can be generated only from existing life of the same species.
1864
38
_____ was credited for developing the germ theory.
Robert Koch
39
In what year did Alexander Fleming turn a ruined culture into one of the greatest medical advances in history?
1928
40
The bubonic plague killed _____% of the population of Europe during the Middle Ages.
33
41
The major groups of microorganisms are algae, bacteria, fungi, Protozoa, rickettsiae, and _____.
Viruses
42
______ are small, unicellular microorganisms.
Bacteria
43
The most common bacteria shapes are the rod-like bacilli, spheres, and:
Corkscrew
44
What kind of bacteria is destroyed by contact with oxygen?
Anaerobic
45
What bacteria have the ability to adjust to particular circumstances, and can live without oxygen?
Facultative
46
What type of bacteria multiply well in dead tissue?
Anaerobes
47
_____ is a term used to denote groups that include yeast, molds! and mushrooms.
Fungus
48
Some fungal infections can become life threatening, especially in _____ people.
Older
49
_____ is a type of fungus known as ringworm.
Tinea corporis
50
Herpes simplex _____ is transmitted through sexual contact.
II
51
HIV destroys what type of T cell?
CD4
52
The most common types of hepatitis is:
A,B,C
53
Hepatitis _____ is found in feces of those infected with HIV.
A
54
Botulism and tetanus produce toxins that attack the_____ system.
Nervous
55
Botulism produces a toxin so potent that a single gram could kill _____ million people.
15
56
Dental plaque is also dental biofilm, which is a complex community of several varieties of bacteria that can reach a thickness of _____ cells on the surface of the teeth.
300-500
57
Bloodborne pathogens are organisms transferred through blood or body fluids that cause infectious disease.
True
58
The three main types of infections that can occur in the chain of infection are acute, chronic and opportunistic.
False
59
There are four stages of infection; incubation, prodromal, acute, and convalescent.
True
60
Droplet contamination can occur from the use of the HVE, even when used properly.
True
61
The dental assistant may decline to receive the hepatitis B vaccine
True
62
To assist in control of disease transmission from dental personnel to community, it is recommended that the dental professional change from her work clothes into street clothes before leaving the office
True
63
_____ transmission is a method where diseases are transmitted from splash or splatter to the mucosa, or non-intact skin
Droplet
64
_____ immunity is sometimes called adaptive immunity, and is artificially acquired immunity from immunizations
Active
65
Disease-causing microorganism are:
Pathogens
66
The basic microorganisms are:
All of the above
67
The common cold is an example of a/n:
Acute viral infection
68
_____ infections "hangs on," but the symptoms come and go.
Latent
69
The ______ is the body's defense against invasion of infectious organisms.
Immune system
70
The hepatitis _____ series is recommended by CDC for all dental health care workers.
B
71
_____ provides infection control guidelines specifically for dental health care workers
The CDC
72
Failure to follow _____ regulations can result in fines or closures
OSHA
73
Which category of the exposure control plan is for individuals such as the accountant?
Category 3
74
______ is/are procedures used to prevent the spread of infection from surfaces and instruments.
Environmental controls
75
After the occurrence of an exposure incident, when should am evaluation of policies and the failure of the control methods be completed?
At the time the incident occur
76
All written policies on exposure incidents should be consistent with _____ regulations regarding exposure management.
State and federal
77
Which organization mandates specific work practices be in place to prevent exposures from occurring?
OSHA
78
_____ disinfectant is a tuberculocidal that kills most but not all bacterial spores.
High level
79
The universal technique for cleaning and disinfecting surface areas is the:
Spray, wipe, spray technique
80
______ is a poor surface disinfectant because it can take 10-90 minutes to disinfect.
Glutaraldehyde
81
A mask should be replaced
With every patient
82
Gross decay is decay that develops quickly and spreads rampantly throughout the mouth.
False
83
Dental caries is the most common chronic diseases in children.
True
84
Dried fruit is a great snack alternative in caries prevention.
False
85
The portion of the tooth that makes up the majority of the toothy structure:
Dentin
86
The primary layer of biofilm is composed of a layer called:
Pellicle
87
Demineralization causes a loss of _____ from the hydroxyapatite crystallites in the enamel.
Calcium and phosphate
88
Arrested carious lesions are often ______ in color.
All of the above
89
Multiple carious lesions present in the mouth would be categorized as:
Rampant caries
90
Which of the following electrolytes are found in saliva, and aid in the chemical protection process?
Phosphate and calcium
91
Which dental instrument is used to detect surface caries?
Explorer
92
Radiographs are used to detect ______ caries.
Interproximal
93
______ is an antibacterial mouth rinse used to help prevent oral infections.
Chlorhexidine
94
Which of the following is not a fermentable carbohydrate?
Cheese
95
The caries risk text is most often utilized in:
Public dental programs
96
Which of the following would be considered the least cariogenic?
Cheese
97
Dentin contains ______ amounts of calcium and _____ amounts of water as enamel.
Less; more
98
______ is the name of the sticky, tooth-colored material composed almost completely of bacteria
Plaque
99
Which of the following is not one of the he characteristics of pellicle?
Strengthens cementum
100
Remineralization will occur when ______ are redeposited in the demineralized area
Calcium and phosphate
101
The type of caries most prevalent in the geriatric population is:
Root surface
102
The type of caries found around the margins of an existing restoration is:
Recurrent
103
Indicator dyes are utilized to:
Stain caries
104
Which bacteria would be involved in the formation of an incipient carious lesion?
Mutans streptococci
105
Which of the following is the correct order for hardness of the different tooth structures ?
Enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp
106
Which of the following is the correct order for plaque formation?
Pellicle, mutans streptococci, loctobacilli, other microorganisms
107
Meth-mouth closely resembles:
Baby bottle mouth caries
108
Saliva has a ______ capacity that reduces the potential for acid formation.
Buffering
109
The most accepted means of caries detection is:
Explorer
110
_____ can be utilized to identify dentinal caries.
Indicator dyes
111
OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Hazard Association
False
112
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration promotes and enforces workplace standards designed to protect the health and safety of workers
True
113
PPE stands for personal protection equipment
False
114
Official standards set forth by governmental agencies such as licensing boards are:
Regulations
115
One standard set forth by the OSHA is the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. This standard is designed to:
Prevent disease transmission
116
Items such as sterilizers, biological and chemical indicators, ultrasonic cleaners, and dental units must be approved by the:
FDA
117
The national institute for Occupational Safety and Health is a component of:
CDC
118
Chemicals used in dentistry can be hazardous because they are highly reactive, toxic, carcinogenic, contaminated, combustible, or:
Degraded
119
Chemical degradation can be caused by exposure to heat, cold, or light; storage of the chemical beyond it's expected shelf life; or:
Moistur
120
Items such as paper towels, plastic cups, patient bibs, and disinfectant wipes are considered to be ______, which is _____.
General waste, unregulated
121
Human body fluids such as semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluids amniotic fluids, and saliva in dental procedures are considered to be:
Infectious waste
122
Standards are designed to:
Promote the use of safe procedures
123
The _____ studies the safety, efficacy and promotional claims for dental materials and products
ADA council on scientific affairs
124
Chemicals can enter the body through ingestion; contact with the skin or mucous membrane; and:
Inhalation
125
Pathological waste includes:
Extracted teeth or tissue
126
Which of the following states does not have a federally approved OSHA program?
Ohio
127
Dental offices that fail to comply with safety regulations are subject to enforcement by such means as fines, license suspension, license revocation, and:
Imprisonment
128
Should a patient be consistently exposed to naturally occurring bacteria, she could become
Resistant to bacteria
129
The level of microbes in water coming out of an unmodified dental unit is almost always:
Higher than in drinking water
130
Dental water line water quality was first initiated in:
1965
131
The federal safe drinking water act deems _______ CFUs by year 2000.
500
132
What role does dental unit water line biofilm play in the microbial contamination of dental unit water?
Biofilm sheds bacteria into the water, causing increased levels of bacteria in the outgoing water
133
Bacteria benefit by capturing ________ from the water! which secondary bacteria begins to colonize.
Nutrients
134
The primary source of microorganisms in dental water lines is:
The city water supply
135
Dental personnel who are continuously exposed to bacterial aerosols through high-speed hand pieces and ultrasonic units have ______ levels of certain bacterial antibodies than does the general public.
Higher
136
Biofilm formation in dental unit water lines is dependent on the following characteristics of water flow:
Laminar and low rate flow, low volume use, and small diameter tubes
137
Standard precautions for dental treatment set by the ADA, CDC, and OSAP include:
Using an HVE, flushing lines 30 seconds between patients, and installing anti-retraction valves.
138
The bacteria within the dental unit water lines depend on ______ from the water for growth and reproduction.
Nutrients
139
In the dental office, the level of bacteria-contaminated water lines cannot be reduced by utilizing:
Brit water filters
140
A dental product that is categorized as being potentially combustible should not be stored near:
Heat
141
A blue diamond-shaped symbol on the NFPA labeling system denotes a ______ hazard.
Biohazard
142
When maintaining a Hazard Communication Program, employers must provide:
All of the above
143
The agency that regulates waste from the point of generation to the point of final disposal is:
EPA
144
OSHA seeks to protect _____, the FDA works to protect _____, and the EPA acts to protect ______.
Employees, general public, the environment
145
The agency responsible for making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illnesses is:
NIOSH
146
Chemicals that contain infectious microorganisms and can spread disease are considered to be:
Contaminated
147
Biofilm is found in almost all places where moisture meets a suitable solid surface, and can contain many types of bacteria as well as fungi, algae, and Protozoa.
True
148
Monitoring of dental water lines can be accomplished only by sending water samples to an outside microbiology lab.
False
149
Heaters placed on dental units to allow for warm/hot water for patient comfort promote a more rapid growth of bacteria in the water lines.
True
150
A main concern of the bacteria in dental water lines is exposing patients to:
High concentrations of bacteria
151
The ADA recommends that dentists follow the infection control guidelines for biofilm reduction in dental unit water lines provided by the:
CDC
152
Methods to improve dental unit water quality include:
Improving the quality of the incoming water and controlling biofilm.
153
How often should the dental assistant replace dental unit water line filters that are installed to the unit?
Periodically, depending on the amount of biofilm in the line.
154
High speed handpiece, air/water syringe, and ultrasonic unit should all be flushed for______ seconds after each patient to purge all air and water.
20-30
155
The dental assistant can go to any dental manufacturer for education and _______ on the use and maintenance of their systems.
Training
156
_______agents should be stored in closed containers in a segregated area
Caustic
