Module 8

Question 1

What is trauma?

Answer 1

Exposure to actual or threatened death, injury, or threat to physical integrity

Question 2

Examples of trauma?

Answer 2

Accidents, natural disasters, war, abuse

Question 3

What is child maltreatment linked to?

Answer 3

Stress, trauma, and mental/physical health problems

Question 4

How does domestic violence affect children?

Answer 4

Causes stress, trauma, and emotional dysregulation

Question 5

How does poverty affect children?

Answer 5

Increases risk of neglect, malnutrition, and parental incarceration

Question 6

What is hyperresponsivity?

Answer 6

Overreaction to threat (vigilance, mistrust, emotional dysregulation)

Question 7

What is hyporesponsivity?

Answer 7

Underreaction to danger → higher risk of harm

Question 8

Effect of maltreatment on stress response?

Answer 8

Difficulty adapting; strong reaction or shutdown

Question 9

What protects children from stress effects?

Answer 9

Supportive caregiver relationship

Question 10

Physical neglect?

Answer 10

Failure to meet basic needs (food, shelter, health)

Question 11

Educational neglect?

Answer 11

Ignoring school needs

Question 12

Emotional neglect?

Answer 12

Lack of emotional care, exposure to violence

Question 13

Physical abuse?

Answer 13

Physical harm or threat

Question 14

Psychological abuse?

Answer 14

Repeated harmful behaviors or neglect

Question 15

Sexual abuse?

Answer 15

Sexual exploitation or violence

Question 16

Which children are more often victimized?

Answer 16

Younger children

Question 17

Who makes up most sexual abuse victims?

Answer 17

Girls (~80%)

Question 18

Risk for children with disabilities?

Answer 18

3× more likely to be abused

Question 19

What is intergenerational trauma?

Answer 19

Trauma passed across generations (e.g., family violence, poverty)

Question 20

How do caregiving deficits contribute?

Answer 20

Poor skills, low support, financial stress

Question 21

Role of emotional dysregulation?

Answer 21

Poor stress control, linked to mental health issues

Question 22

Social/relationship issues link to what?

Answer 22

Increased risk of abuse (especially sexual abuse)

Question 23

What are main trauma-related disorders?

Answer 23

Reactive Attachment Disorder, Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder, PTSD, Acute Stress Disorder, Adjustment Disorders

Question 24

Core feature of Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Answer 24

Emotionally withdrawn, does not seek or respond to comfort

Question 25

Mood in RAD

Answer 25

Low positive affect, minimal responsiveness, unexplained fear/irritability

Question 26

Main cause of Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Answer 26

Severe neglect or insufficient caregiving

Question 27

Age requirement of Reactive Attachment Disorder?

Answer 27

Before age 5 (development ≥ 9 months)

Question 28

Core feature of Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder?

Answer 28

Overly friendly with strangers

Question 29

Key behaviors of Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder?

Answer 29

No hesitation with strangers, doesn’t check back with caregiver

Question 30

Cause of Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder?

Answer 30

Neglect or unstable caregiving

Question 31

When do symptoms begin in Adjustment Disorders?

Answer 31

Within 3 months of a stressor

Question 32

Key feature in Adjustment Disorders?

Answer 32

Distress out of proportion to stressor

Question 33

Duration limit after stressor ends in Adjustment Disorders?

Answer 33

≤ 6 months

Question 34

What causes Acute Stress Disorder?

Answer 34

Exposure to trauma (direct, witnessed, learned, repeated exposure)

Question 35

Symptom categories of Acute Stress Disorder?

Answer 35

Intrusion, mood, dissociation, avoidance, arousal

Question 36

How many symptoms needed for Acute Stress Disorder?

Answer 36

9+ symptoms

Question 37

Timeframe of Acute Stress Disorder?

Answer 37

3 days to 1 month

Question 38

Examples of intrusion symptoms

Answer 38

Flashbacks, nightmares, intrusive memories

Question 39

Key feature of negative mood?

Answer 39

Inability to feel positive emotions

Question 40

Examples of dissociation?

Answer 40

Feeling detached, memory gaps

Question 41

What is avoidance?

Answer 41

Avoiding thoughts, feelings, or reminders of trauma

Question 42

Examples of arousal symptoms?

Answer 42

Poor sleep, irritability, hypervigilance, startle response

Question 43

Duration for PTSD diagnosis?

Answer 43

For more than 1 month, often lasting months or years

Question 44

Key difference in time between PTSD and acute stress disorder?

Answer 44

ASD = 3 days–1 month, PTSD = >1 month

Question 45

Symptom requirement difference between PTSD and acute stress disorder?

Answer 45

ASD = 9 total, PTSD = specific categories

Question 46

What are two key attachment patterns discussed?

Answer 46

Anxiety and avoidance.

Question 47

What does high attachment anxiety mean?

Answer 47

Fear of abandonment and strong need for closeness.

Question 48

What does high attachment avoidance mean?

Answer 48

Discomfort with closeness and emotional distance from others.

Question 49

How are DSED and RAD related to attachment?

Answer 49

They involve patterns of anxiety and avoidance in relationships.

Question 50

Why do children show distress behaviors under stress?

Answer 50

To cope with negative emotions and meet unmet needs.

Question 51

What is maltreatment?

Answer 51

Harm or neglect experienced by a child from caregivers.

Question 52

What are examples of distress behaviors in children?

Answer 52

Fearfulness, hypervigilance, inhibition, and dissociation.

Question 53

What is hypervigilance?

Answer 53

Being constantly alert to potential threats.

Question 54

What is emotional distress?

Answer 54

Strong negative emotional reactions like fear or sadness.

Question 55

What role do caregivers play in distress?

Answer 55

Disapproval from caregivers can increase stress and distress.

Question 56

What are cognitive mechanisms of stress and trauma?

Answer 56

Mental processes that influence how we interpret and cope with stress.

Question 57

What are schemas?

Answer 57

Beliefs and assumptions about the world.

Question 58

What is threat appraisal?

Answer 58

Evaluating whether something is dangerous.

Question 59

What is avoidance as a coping strategy?

Answer 59

Staying away from thoughts, feelings, or situations related to stress.

Question 60

What are common treatments for trauma- and stressor-related disorders?

Answer 60

Exposure-based therapy, TF-CBT, Cognitive Processing Therapy, and Narrative Therapy.

Question 61

What is exposure-based therapy?

Answer 61

A treatment that helps people face and process traumatic experiences safely.

Question 62

When is exposure-based therapy often used?

Answer 62

After acute stress or traumatic events (e.g., accidents, disasters).

Question 63

How long are exposure-based therapy interventions typically?

Answer 63

Short-term (about 1–10 sessions).

Question 64

What is a key goal of exposure-based therapy?

Answer 64

To help individuals talk about trauma with emotional control.

Question 65

What therapies fall under exposure-based approaches?

Answer 65

Narrative therapy, CBT, and TF-CBT.

Question 66

What is TF-CBT?

Answer 66

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy combining exposure and coping skills.

Question 67

Who is TF-CBT especially effective for?

Answer 67

Children and adolescents.

Question 68

What skills does TF-CBT teach?

Answer 68

Stress management, relaxation, and coping with intrusive memories.

Question 69

What is Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)?

Answer 69

A therapy that helps change unhelpful beliefs about trauma.

Question 70

What is the goal of CPT?

Answer 70

To create a healthier understanding of the traumatic event.

Question 71

What is narrative therapy in trauma treatment?

Answer 71

Building a coherent story of the trauma to process it.

Question 72

What is a major barrier to treatment?

Answer 72

Those who need help most are least likely to seek it.

Question 73

Why might people enter treatment late?

Answer 73

They are often brought in by others.

Question 74

Why might parents avoid seeking help for children?

Answer 74

Fear of legal or custody issues.

Question 75

What populations need special consideration in treatment?

Answer 75

Cultural, sexual, and gender minorities.