Module One, Lecture Five Flashcards
Bone Growth Joints - Tissues and Structures (18 cards)
How do Bones Grow in Length? ( 4 )
- Enabled by epiphyseal plates ( growth plates ) cartilage cells divide and grow, pushing older cells towards the centre of the bone
- As the cartilage cells mature, they undergo calcification
- Osteoblasts move into the calcified cartilage and begin to replace it with bone tissue, solidifying the new bone and lengthening the structure
- This process continues until the epiphyseal plates completely ossify ( turn into bone ) in early adulthood signalling the end of longitudinal growth
How do Bones Grow in Width? ( 3 )
- Osteoclasts break down old bone tissue lining the medullary cavity ( hallow space inside the bone )
- Osteoblasts deposit new bone tissue on the outer surface of the bone under the periosteum ( membrane covering the bone )
- New bone is deposited on the outer surface, old bone is resorbed on the inner surface
What are three Joint Classifications? ( 3 )
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
What are some functions of a Joint? ( 4 )
- Movement
2 Stability - Protection
- Weight-Bearing
What are two Key Soft Tissues? ( 2 )
- Cartilage
- DFCT
What is Cartilage?
Strong, flexible, and resilient connective tissue that acts as a cushion between bones and provides structural support to various parts of the body
What are two examples of Cartilage? ( 2 )
- Hyaline ( articular )
- Fibrocartilage
Describe the structure and functions of Hyaline Cartilage… ( 3 )
- Most common type of cartilage
- Smooth, glassy appearance
- Contributes to smooth movement, flexibility and support
Describe the structure and function of Fibrocartilage… ( 3 )
- Strong, tough mixture of cartilaginous and fibrous tissue
- Composed of collagen, located in areas of high stress and tension ( e.g. intervertebral discs, where tendons attach to bone )
- Provides strong durable structure that resist compression and helps absorb shock
What is DFCT?
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
What are some functions of DFCT? ( 3 )
- Provides Support
- Protection
- Structural Integrity
What are three types of DFCT? ( 3 )
- Ligaments
- Tendons
- Joint Capsules
Describe the structure and function of Ligaments… ( 6 )
- DRCT ( Dense Regular Connective Tissue )
- Made up of collagen and elastic fibres arranged in parallel bundles encased in DFCT sheaths
- Provides stability
- Supports joints
- Connects bone to bone
- Limits excessive movement, preventing dislocation at joints
Describe the structure and function of Tendons… ( 3 )
- Made up of collagen fibres arranged in hierarchical manner, surrounded by a layer of connective tissue
- Connects muscle to bone
- Enables movement and facilitates muscle action
Describe the structure and function of Joint Capsules… ( 4 )
- Double-layered structure that encloses a synovial joint. The outer layer is a fibrous capsule, while the inner layer is a synovial membrane
- Provides stability
- Provides Lubrication
- Provides nutrient supply
Describe the structure and function of Fibrous Joints… ( 3 )
- Bones are connected by DFCT, rich in collagen
- Designed for stability and support
- Provides limited to no movement between the connected bones
Describe the structure and function of Cartilaginous Joints… ( 2 )
- Bones are connected by cartilage, either hyaline or fibrocartilage
- Allow limited movement, found in places where stability and strength are required
Describe the structure and function of Synovial Joints…
- Freely movable joint where two bones meet and allow for movement in multiple directions
- Fluid filled cavity enclosed within a fibrous capsule
