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Module One, Lecture Ten Flashcards

Muscle Form and Function at Joints (18 cards)

1
Q

How does the Skeletal Muscle cause movement at Synovial Joints? ( 4 )

A
  1. Attaches to bone ( lever )
  2. Muscle structure ( Length, number of fibres, arrangement of fibres )
  3. Type of contraction ( Roles / Action )
  4. Where it crosses a join ( Location )
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2
Q

What are the three Classes of Levers? ( 3 )

A
  1. First ( Stabilises joint position )
  2. Second ( Effective at overcoming heavy loads )
  3. Third ( Large range of movement )
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3
Q

Example of First Class Lever…

A

See-Saw or Scissors ( Fulcrum between force and load )

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4
Q

Example of Second Class Lever…

A

Wheelbarrow or Bottle Opener ( Load between fulcrum and force

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5
Q

Example of Third Class Lever…

A

Tweezers or Fishing Rod ( Force between fulcrum and load )

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6
Q

What is the Fulcrum?

A

The point on which a lever rests and pivots

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7
Q

How does Muscle Form determine Function? ( 3 )

A

Depends on…

  1. Length of muscle fibres
  2. Number of muscle fibres
  3. Arrangement of muscle fibres
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8
Q

How does the Length of Muscle Fibres determine function?

A

If a large ROM is required = long muscle fibres

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9
Q

How does the Number of Muscle Fibres determine function? ( 2 )

A
  1. Tension is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area
  2. Greater number of fibres ( greater CSA and greater tension )
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10
Q

How are Muscles Fibres Arranged? ( 2 )

A
  1. Paralle
  2. Pennate
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11
Q

Describe the structure of Parallel Muscle Fibres…

A

Fibres arranged vertically between muscle tendons / attachments

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12
Q

Describe the structure of Pennate Muscle Fibres…

A

Fibres arranged obliquely between muscle tendons / attachments

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13
Q

What are the three ways a muscle can contract? ( 3 )

A
  1. Concentric
  2. Eccentric
  3. Isometric
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14
Q

What is Concentric Muscle Contraction?

A

Muscle is action and develops tension, which is greater than the load. The muscle shortens and there is a change in joint position ( e.g. Elbow Flexion )

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15
Q

What is Eccentric Muscle Contraction?

A

Muscle is active and develops tension, which is lesser than the load. The muscle elongates in opposite direction and there is a change in joint position ( E.g Elbow Extension )

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16
Q

What is Isometric Muscle Contraction?

A

Muscle is active and develops tension, which does not outweigh the load. There is no change in length of muscle or joint position ( e.g Holding the elbow join still, biceps brachii contracts isometrically )

17
Q

What are the Types of Muscle Roles? ( 4 )

A
  1. Agonist ( Creates movement )
  2. Antagonist ( Opposes / controls movement )
  3. Stabiliser ( holds joints still )
  4. Neutraliser ( stops unwanted movement )
18
Q

What are the Concentric Actions of Muscles? ( 4 )

A
  1. Medial + Adduction
  2. Anterior + Flexion
  3. Lateral + Abduction
  4. Posterior + Extension

Applies for all joints except for the knee