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Module One, Lecture Three Flashcards

Structure of the Skeleton (33 cards)

1
Q

What are the Functions of the Skeleton? ( 5 )

A
  1. Provides support
  2. Allows movement
  3. Protects delicate organs
  4. Enables blood cell production
  5. Reservoir for minerals and fat
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2
Q

Describe how the Skeleton provides support…

A

The skeleton acts as a framework, supporting the body holding it upright

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3
Q

Describe how the Skeleton allows movement…

A

The skeleton works with muscles and joints to enable movement and locomotion ( gait cycle )

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4
Q

Describe how the Skeleton provides protection…

A

Bones encase and shield vital organs like the brain, heart and lungs

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5
Q

Describe how the Skeleton enables blood cell production…

A

Bone marrow within the skeleton produces blood cells

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6
Q

Describe how the Skeleton serves as a reservoir for minerals and fat…

A

Bones store essential minerals like calcium, phosphorus and fat

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7
Q

What are the two types of Bone Tissue? ( 2 )

A
  1. Compact Bone
  2. Cancellous Bone
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8
Q

Describe the structure and function of Compact Bone…

A
  1. Strong, no gaps between the bone
  2. Can take a lot of force and transmit it down in one direction
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9
Q

Describe the structure and function of Cancellous Bone…

A
  1. Light and spongey, crisscrossing fibres that collect force and transmit it
  2. Has shock-absorbing properties
  3. Resists and channels forces that come from multiple directions
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10
Q

What are the four classes of Bone? ( 4 )

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
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11
Q

Describe the structure and function of Long Bones…

A
  1. Longer than they are wide; long thin central diaphysis, wider end pieces called epiphysis that join onto other parts of the body
  2. Enable movement, majority are limb bones
  3. Medullary cavity contains bone marrow which is used to create red blood cells
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12
Q

Describe the structure and function of Short Bones…

A
  1. Close to equal width and length
  2. Composed mostly of cancellous bone, with a thin layer of compact bone around them
  3. Bear weight from multiple directions
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13
Q

Describe the structure and function of Flat Bones…

A
  1. Powerful muscles attach to flat bones ( large surface area )
  2. Not always completely flat
  3. Creates a shield for things behind it
  4. Main function is protection
  5. Thin layers of compact bone with some cancellous bone underneath
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14
Q

Describe the structure and function of Irregular Bones…

A
  1. Various shape and Function
  2. Doesn’t fir the pattern of any other bone class
  3. Often have foramen ( holes, allow blood vessels to pass through )
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15
Q

What are the divisions of the Skeleton? ( 2 )

A
  1. Axial Skeleton
  2. Appendicular Skeleton
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16
Q

What is the Axial Skeleton?

A

The central axis of the body including the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum

17
Q

What are some Functions of the Axial Skeleton? ( 3 )

A
  1. Provides support for the head, neck, back, and chest
  2. Protects the brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs
  3. Serves as an attachment point for muscles
18
Q

How many bones are in the Axial Skeleton? ( Adults )

19
Q

What is the Appendicular Skeleton?

A

The bones of the upper and lower limbs, including the pectoral and pelvic girdles

20
Q

What are some functions of the Appendicular Skeleton? ( 2 )

A
  1. Enables movement
  2. Provides Support for limbs
21
Q

How many bones are in the Appendicular Skeleton? ( Adults )

22
Q

How do Limbs attach to the Axial Skeleton?

22
Q

How many bones are babies born with?

A

Around 300, which fuse together as they grow and form the 206 bones found in adults

23
Q

What are the two types of Girdles? ( 2 )

A
  1. Pectoral
  2. Pelvic
24
What bones make up the Pectoral Girdle? ( 2 )
1. Clavicle ( collar bone ) 2. Scapula ( shoulder blade )
25
What are the functions of the Pectoral Girdle? ( 3 )
1. Support and Stability 2. Shoulder Joint Movement 3. Attachment for Muscles
26
What bones make up the Pelvic Girdle? ( 3 )
1. Two Hip Bones 2. Sacrum 3. Coccyx
27
What bones make up the Hip Bones? ( 3 )
1. Ilium 2. Ischium 3. Pubis
28
What is the Ilium?
The largest and most superior part of the hip bone, forming the upper portion of the pelvis
29
What is the Ischium?
The posterior and inferior part of the hip bone, forming the bottom part of the pelvis
30
What is the Pubis?
The anterior and inferior part of the hip bone, forming the front part of the pelvis
31
What are the functions of the Pelvic Girdle? ( 5 )
1. Weight Transfer and Support 2. Muscle Attachment 3. Protection and Support of Abdominopelvic Strictures 4. Locomotion and Stability 5. Childbirth
32
What are Sexually Dimorphic Bones?
Refers to anatomical differences between male ( XY ) and female ( XX ) skeletons, primarily in size and shape