Module One, Lecture Three Flashcards
Structure of the Skeleton (33 cards)
What are the Functions of the Skeleton? ( 5 )
- Provides support
- Allows movement
- Protects delicate organs
- Enables blood cell production
- Reservoir for minerals and fat
Describe how the Skeleton provides support…
The skeleton acts as a framework, supporting the body holding it upright
Describe how the Skeleton allows movement…
The skeleton works with muscles and joints to enable movement and locomotion ( gait cycle )
Describe how the Skeleton provides protection…
Bones encase and shield vital organs like the brain, heart and lungs
Describe how the Skeleton enables blood cell production…
Bone marrow within the skeleton produces blood cells
Describe how the Skeleton serves as a reservoir for minerals and fat…
Bones store essential minerals like calcium, phosphorus and fat
What are the two types of Bone Tissue? ( 2 )
- Compact Bone
- Cancellous Bone
Describe the structure and function of Compact Bone…
- Strong, no gaps between the bone
- Can take a lot of force and transmit it down in one direction
Describe the structure and function of Cancellous Bone…
- Light and spongey, crisscrossing fibres that collect force and transmit it
- Has shock-absorbing properties
- Resists and channels forces that come from multiple directions
What are the four classes of Bone? ( 4 )
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
Describe the structure and function of Long Bones…
- Longer than they are wide; long thin central diaphysis, wider end pieces called epiphysis that join onto other parts of the body
- Enable movement, majority are limb bones
- Medullary cavity contains bone marrow which is used to create red blood cells
Describe the structure and function of Short Bones…
- Close to equal width and length
- Composed mostly of cancellous bone, with a thin layer of compact bone around them
- Bear weight from multiple directions
Describe the structure and function of Flat Bones…
- Powerful muscles attach to flat bones ( large surface area )
- Not always completely flat
- Creates a shield for things behind it
- Main function is protection
- Thin layers of compact bone with some cancellous bone underneath
Describe the structure and function of Irregular Bones…
- Various shape and Function
- Doesn’t fir the pattern of any other bone class
- Often have foramen ( holes, allow blood vessels to pass through )
What are the divisions of the Skeleton? ( 2 )
- Axial Skeleton
- Appendicular Skeleton
What is the Axial Skeleton?
The central axis of the body including the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum
What are some Functions of the Axial Skeleton? ( 3 )
- Provides support for the head, neck, back, and chest
- Protects the brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs
- Serves as an attachment point for muscles
How many bones are in the Axial Skeleton? ( Adults )
80 Bones
What is the Appendicular Skeleton?
The bones of the upper and lower limbs, including the pectoral and pelvic girdles
What are some functions of the Appendicular Skeleton? ( 2 )
- Enables movement
- Provides Support for limbs
How many bones are in the Appendicular Skeleton? ( Adults )
126 Bones
How do Limbs attach to the Axial Skeleton?
Girdles
How many bones are babies born with?
Around 300, which fuse together as they grow and form the 206 bones found in adults
What are the two types of Girdles? ( 2 )
- Pectoral
- Pelvic