Module One, Lecture Three

Question 1

What are the Functions of the Skeleton? ( 5 )

Answer 1

1. Provides support
2. Allows movement
3. Protects delicate organs
4. Enables blood cell production
5. Reservoir for minerals and fat

Question 2

Describe how the Skeleton provides support…

Answer 2

The skeleton acts as a framework, supporting the body holding it upright

Question 3

Describe how the Skeleton allows movement…

Answer 3

The skeleton works with muscles and joints to enable movement and locomotion ( gait cycle )

Question 4

Describe how the Skeleton provides protection…

Answer 4

Bones encase and shield vital organs like the brain, heart and lungs

Question 5

Describe how the Skeleton enables blood cell production…

Answer 5

Bone marrow within the skeleton produces blood cells

Question 6

Describe how the Skeleton serves as a reservoir for minerals and fat…

Answer 6

Bones store essential minerals like calcium, phosphorus and fat

Question 7

What are the two types of Bone Tissue? ( 2 )

Answer 7

1. Compact Bone
2. Cancellous Bone

Question 8

Describe the structure and function of Compact Bone…

Answer 8

1. Strong, no gaps between the bone
2. Can take a lot of force and transmit it down in one direction

Question 9

Describe the structure and function of Cancellous Bone…

Answer 9

1. Light and spongey, crisscrossing fibres that collect force and transmit it
2. Has shock-absorbing properties
3. Resists and channels forces that come from multiple directions

Question 10

What are the four classes of Bone? ( 4 )

Answer 10

1. Long
2. Short
3. Flat
4. Irregular

Question 11

Describe the structure and function of Long Bones…

Answer 11

1. Longer than they are wide; long thin central diaphysis, wider end pieces called epiphysis that join onto other parts of the body
2. Enable movement, majority are limb bones
3. Medullary cavity contains bone marrow which is used to create red blood cells

Question 12

Describe the structure and function of Short Bones…

Answer 12

1. Close to equal width and length
2. Composed mostly of cancellous bone, with a thin layer of compact bone around them
3. Bear weight from multiple directions

Question 13

Describe the structure and function of Flat Bones…

Answer 13

1. Powerful muscles attach to flat bones ( large surface area )
2. Not always completely flat
3. Creates a shield for things behind it
4. Main function is protection
5. Thin layers of compact bone with some cancellous bone underneath

Question 14

Describe the structure and function of Irregular Bones…

Answer 14

1. Various shape and Function
2. Doesn’t fir the pattern of any other bone class
3. Often have foramen ( holes, allow blood vessels to pass through )

Question 15

What are the divisions of the Skeleton? ( 2 )

Answer 15

1. Axial Skeleton
2. Appendicular Skeleton

Question 16

What is the Axial Skeleton?

Answer 16

The central axis of the body including the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum

Question 17

What are some Functions of the Axial Skeleton? ( 3 )

Answer 17

1. Provides support for the head, neck, back, and chest
2. Protects the brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs
3. Serves as an attachment point for muscles

Question 18

How many bones are in the Axial Skeleton? ( Adults )

Answer 18

80 Bones

Question 19

What is the Appendicular Skeleton?

Answer 19

The bones of the upper and lower limbs, including the pectoral and pelvic girdles

Question 20

What are some functions of the Appendicular Skeleton? ( 2 )

Answer 20

1. Enables movement
2. Provides Support for limbs

Question 21

How many bones are in the Appendicular Skeleton? ( Adults )

Answer 21

126 Bones

Question 22

How do Limbs attach to the Axial Skeleton?

Answer 22

Girdles

Question 22

How many bones are babies born with?

Answer 22

Around 300, which fuse together as they grow and form the 206 bones found in adults

Question 23

What are the two types of Girdles? ( 2 )

Answer 23

1. Pectoral
2. Pelvic

Question 24

What bones make up the Pectoral Girdle? ( 2 )

Answer 24

1. Clavicle ( collar bone ) 2. Scapula ( shoulder blade )

Question 25

What are the functions of the Pectoral Girdle? ( 3 )

Answer 25

1. Support and Stability 2. Shoulder Joint Movement 3. Attachment for Muscles

Question 26

What bones make up the Pelvic Girdle? ( 3 )

Answer 26

1. Two Hip Bones 2. Sacrum 3. Coccyx

Question 27

What bones make up the Hip Bones? ( 3 )

Answer 27

1. Ilium 2. Ischium 3. Pubis

Question 28

What is the Ilium?

Answer 28

The largest and most superior part of the hip bone, forming the upper portion of the pelvis

Question 29

What is the Ischium?

Answer 29

The posterior and inferior part of the hip bone, forming the bottom part of the pelvis

Question 30

What is the Pubis?

Answer 30

The anterior and inferior part of the hip bone, forming the front part of the pelvis

Question 31

What are the functions of the Pelvic Girdle? ( 5 )

Answer 31

1. Weight Transfer and Support 2. Muscle Attachment 3. Protection and Support of Abdominopelvic Strictures 4. Locomotion and Stability 5. Childbirth

Question 32

What are Sexually Dimorphic Bones?

Answer 32

Refers to anatomical differences between male ( XY ) and female ( XX ) skeletons, primarily in size and shape