Module Three, Lecture Twenty Nine

Question 1

What is the importance of Plasma Glucose Homeostasis?

Answer 1

Ensures a constant supply of energy to vital organs e.g. the brain

Question 2

What is the reference range for Plasma Glucose Concentration? ( 2 )

Answer 2

1. 3.5 - 6 mmol/L Fasting
2. 3.5 - 8 mmol/L Non-Fasting

Question 3

Why is blood glucose concentration so important? ( 2 )

Answer 3

1. Brain cells are largely dependent on glucose as an energy source
2. Other cells are better able to use alternative substrates for ATP production when glucose levels are low

Question 4

What do prolonged high glucose blood levels result in? ( 5 )

Answer 4

1. Cardiovascular disease
2. Nerve Damage
3. Kidney Damage
4. Vision problems
5. Foot Problems

Question 5

Where is the Pancreas located?

Answer 5

In the curve of duodenum and consists of head, body and tail

Question 6

What are some functions of the Pancreas? ( 4 )

Answer 6

1. Assisting with digestion
2. Regulating blood sugar levels
3. Produces digestive enzymes that break down food
4. Releases hormones like insulin and glucagon to control blood glucose

Question 7

What are Alpha cells and their function?

Answer 7

Specialised cells within the pancreas that produce and secrete the hormone glucagon. Increases Blood Glucose Levels

Question 8

What are Beta Cells and their function?

Answer 8

Specialised cells in the pancreas responsible for producing and releasing the hormone insulin. Reduces Blood Glucose Levels

Question 9

What is Insulin?

Answer 9

Protein hormone synthesised on rER of beta cells. Insulin corrects hyperglycemia by facilitating glucose uptake into cells of most body tissues