Modules 9-11

Question 0

Bushy fibers on the neurons that receive information and conduct it toward the cell body.

Answer 0

Dendrites

Question 1

Nerve cells, consisting of a cell body and its branching fibers.

Answer 1

Neuron

Question 2

Long fiber that passes the message from the neuron’s branches to other neurons or to muscles and glands.

Answer 2

Axon

Question 3

A fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables transmission speed as impulses hop from one node to the next.

Answer 3

Myelin Sheath

Question 4

A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.

Answer 4

Action Potential

Question 5

A period of inactivity after a neuron has fired.

Answer 5

Refractory Period

Question 6

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Answer 6

Threshold

Question 7

A neuron’s reaction of either firing or not firing.

Answer 7

All-or-none response

Question 8

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.

Answer 8

Synapse

Question 9

Chemical messengers that cross synaptic gaps between neurons, bind to the receptor sites on the receiving neurons.

Answer 9

Neurotransmitters

Question 10

A neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending neuron.

Answer 10

Reuptake

Question 11

Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain-control and pleasure

Answer 11

Endorphins

Question 12

A molecule that, binding to a receptor site, stimulates a response.

Answer 12

Agonist

Question 13

A molecule that, binding to a receptor site, inhibits or blocks a response.

Answer 13

Antagonist

Question 14

The body’s electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central systems.

Answer 14

Nervous system

Question 15

Central Nervous System

Answer 15

brain and spinal cord

Question 16

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

Answer 16

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 17

Bundled axons that form neural ‘cables’ connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs

Answer 17

Nerves

Question 18

Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 18

Sensory Neurons

Question 19

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.

Answer 19

Motor Neurons

Question 20

Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

Answer 20

Interneurons

Question 21

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles.

Answer 21

Somatic Nervous System

Question 22

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs.

Answer 22

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 23

The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations.

Answer 23

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 24

The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy.

Answer 24

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 25

A simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus.

Answer 25

Reflex

Question 26

The body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secretes hormones into the bloodstream.

Answer 26

Endocrine System

Question 27

Chemical messengers manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissues.

Answer 27

Hormones

Question 28

A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress.

Answer 28

Adrenal Glands

Question 29

Regulates growth and controls the other endocrine glands; the endocrine system’s most influential gland, under the influence of the hypothalmus.

Answer 29

Pituitary Gland

Question 30

A naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue.

Answer 30

Lesion

Question 31

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain’s surface, measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.

Answer 31

Electroencephalogram

Question 32

A series of X-Ray photographs taken at different angles and combined into a composite representation of a slice of the brain’s structure.

Answer 32

CT scan

Question 33

A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.

Answer 33

PET scan

Question 34

A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft-tissue. shows brain anatomy.

Answer 34

MRI

Question 35

The base of the brainstem, controls heartbeat and breathing.

Answer 35

Medulla

Question 36

The brain’s sensory control center, located at the top of the brainstem; directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Answer 36

Thalamus

Question 37

A nerve network that travels through the brainstem and thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal.

Answer 37

Reticular Formation

Question 38

The “little” brain at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory.

Answer 38

Cerebellum

Question 39

Neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres, associated with emotions and drives. (hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus)

Answer 39

Limbic System

Question 40

Two lima-bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system, linked to emotion.

Answer 40

Amygdala

Question 41

A neural structure lying below the thalmus; directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system, and is linked to emotion and reward.

Answer 41

Hypothalamus