Unit 5

Question 0

a social interaction in which one person (the subject) responds to another person’s (the hypnotist’s) suggestion that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

Answer 0

Hypnosis

Question 1

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Answer 1

Consciousness

Question 2

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

Answer 2

Posthypnotic Suggestion

Question 3

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

Answer 3

Dissociation

Question 4

A biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24 hour cycle.

Answer 4

Circadian Rythym

Question 5

rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

Answer 5

REM sleep

Question 6

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Answer 6

Alpha Waves

Question 7

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

Answer 7

Hallucinations

Question 8

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

Answer 8

Delta Waves

Question 9

nonrapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep.

Answer 9

NREM Sleep

Question 10

a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm. In response to light, the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness.

Answer 10

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Question 11

Recurring problems in falling and staying asleep.

Answer 11

Insomnia

Question 12

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

Answer 12

Narcolepsy

Question 13

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings. (p. 239)

Answer 13

Sleep Apnea

Question 14

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

Answer 14

Night Terrors

Question 15

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.

Answer 15

Dream

Question 16

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).

Answer 16

Manifest Content

Question 17

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content.)

Answer 17

Latent Content

Question 18

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).

Answer 18

REM Rebound

Question 19

continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.

Answer 19

Substance Use Disorder

Question 20

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

Answer 20

Psychoactive Drug

Question 21

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect.

Answer 21

Tolerance

Question 22

compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known adverse consequences.

Answer 22

Addiction

Question 23

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior.

Answer 23

Withdrawal

Question 24

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

Answer 24

Depressants

Question 25

(popularly known as alcoholism). Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use.

Answer 25

Alcohol Use Disorder

Question 26

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.

Answer 26

Barbiturates

Question 27

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

Answer 27

Opiates

Question 28

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions.

Answer 28

Stimulates

Question 29

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

Answer 29

Amphetamines

Question 30

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

Answer 30

Nicotine

Question 31

a powerful and addictive stimulant, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alertness and euphoria.

Answer 31

Cocaine

Question 32

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

Answer 32

Methamphetamine

Question 33

A synthetic stimulant and a mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and long-term harm to serotonin producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

Answer 33

Ecstasy

Question 34

psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

Answer 34

Hallucinogens

Question 35

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).

Answer 35

LSD

Question 36

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.

Answer 36

Near-death experience

Question 37

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

Answer 37

THC