Molecular genetic part 2

Question 1

WHAT IS ISOLATING GENES ON THE BASIS OF THEWIR POSITION ON A GENETIC MAP

Answer 1

Positional cloning

Question 2

In _________, neighboring genes are used to locate a gene of iinterest

Answer 2

chromosome walking

Question 3

what genetic disease is isolated by positional cloning

Answer 3

cystic fibrosis (AUtosomal Recessive disorder)

Question 4

mRNA is strongly expressed in what part of the body affected by CF

Answer 4

Pancreas

Question 5

what does the CF gene encode?

Answer 5

a protein called Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR)

Question 6

How does CFTR function

Answer 6

as a chloride channel

Question 7

who invented the dideoxy sequencing method

Answer 7

Frederick Sanger

Question 8

dideoxy sequencing is based on

Answer 8

chain terminating substrates

Question 9

what IS THE difference between dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (ddNTPs) and Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP)

Answer 9

ddNTP lacks a 3’OH group which causes chain termination and dNTP has a 3’OH group

Question 10

Each of the four reaction contains

Answer 10

1. single-stranded target DNA
2. all four dNTP
3. DNA polymerase
4. primer
5. one type of ddNTP

Question 11

Examples of next-generation sequencing technologies

Answer 11

simultaneous determination
illumina sequencing
pyrosequencing
Third genertaion sequencing-Nanopore sequemcing

Question 12

which DNA sequence uses DNA to identify individual people with some parts highly variable among individuals

Answer 12

DNA fingerprinting

Question 13

this exhibits a variable number of copies of repeat sequences in different indivuduals

Answer 13

Microsatellites also called Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)

Question 14

STRs are analyzed by

Answer 14

PCR and gel electrophoresis/ capillary electrophoresis

Question 15

hwo can we identify people based on differences in their DNA?

Answer 15

the patterns of DNA fragements produced by individuals differ

Question 16

the products of DNA fingerprinting can be represented by single tall peak which represents

Answer 16

homozygotes

Question 17

the products of DNA fingerprinting represented by 2 shorter peaks are called

Answer 17

Heterozygotes

Question 18

FBI uses how many STRs to identify indivioduals

Answer 18

13 STR loci

Question 19

application of techniques in World Trade Center death

Answer 19

DNA fingerprinting were used and carried out on mitochondrial DNA with the remains of peope

Question 20

which technique starts with a mutant phenotype and works towards identifying the gene

Answer 20

Forward genetics

Question 21

which technique starts with a gene with little or no knowledge of the function

Answer 21

reverse genetics

Question 22

examples of moleculr techniques used to increasingly analyze gene function

Answer 22

forward and reverse geentics
creating random mutation
targeted mutagenesis

Question 23

what is the effect of creating random mutation

Answer 23

it increases the numbe rof mutants in an experimental population

Question 24

which techniques employs a synthetic oligonucleotide with one or a few mismatch to the target sequence

Answer 24

site-directed mutagenesis

Question 25

how is an transgeneic organism permanently altered

Answer 25

by incorporating a piece of foreign DNA into its genome

Question 26

what can be used to introduce DNA into a fertilized egg

Answer 26

microinjection

Question 27

what is the effect of microinjection

Answer 27

some of the offspring will have incroporated the transgene into their genomes

Question 28

in a _______ mouse, a wild-type gene of the mouse is converted to a loss of function

Answer 28

knockout mouse

Question 29

how is a loss of funtion achieved in a mouse

Answer 29

by inserting a piece of foreign DNA into the gene of interest by homologous recombination

Question 30

how are siRNA produced

Answer 30

from double stranded RNA by Dicer

Question 31

the production of siRNAs result in

Answer 31

RNA interference which is the silencing of the gene from which the double-stranded RNA is produced

Question 32

what are poweful inducers of RNAi

Answer 32

Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs)

Question 33

can siRNA be produced by cloning DNA sequences corresponding to the siRNAs between 2 strong promoters

Answer 33

YESSIR

Question 34

RNAi can be used in the treatment of which disease

Answer 34

high cholesterol RNAi

Question 35

which protein is an important component of lipoprotein that circulate in the blood

Answer 35

ApoB

Question 36

reducing the levels of ApoB would _______

Answer 36

lower blood cholesterol levels

Question 37

which naimals was the transfer of siRNAs for the ApoB protein tested

Answer 37

non humna primate (cynomolgus monkey)

Question 38

areas in which biotech has harnessed power of molecular genetics

Answer 38

pharmaceutical product specialized bacteria agricultural products genetic testing gene therapy