Mood Disorders

Question 1

Hippocampus receives inputs from sensory/outside world, from internal environment

Answer 1

Limbic System theory of emotion

Question 2

risk factor for MDD in adult hood

Answer 2

Early life stress

Question 3

Easy dosing
Non-lethal
Few side effects

Answer 3

Fluoxetine (SSRI)

Question 4

Limbic-Frontal Circuitry

Answer 4

Cg25 receives excitatory drive from hippocampus

Question 5

3-10x increased risk in 1st degree relatives

Answer 5

MDD (3x), BPD (7-10x)

Question 6

People recovering from depression had reduced activity in

Answer 6

Subgenual cingulate cortex

Question 7

Environmental factors affecting DNA methylation

Answer 7

diet, OH, smoking, stress, meds

Question 8

Increased level of this NT is associated with antidepressant effect

Answer 8

Serotonin

Question 9

People with sadness have overactivity in…

Answer 9

Brodmann 25: Subgenual cingulate cortex

Question 10

Imipramine

Answer 10

TCA; Blocks reuptake of NE into neuron, increases amount of NE in synapse

Question 11

Tryptophan is precursor to ______; exclusion from diet leads to ________

Answer 11

serotonin

depression

Question 12

Gene is regulated by stress

Answer 12

HYOU1

Question 13

DBS for depression involves

Answer 13

Electrode into cg25 bilaterally

Question 14

Stress gene ____ complexes with GR, keeps GR out of nucleus

Answer 14

FKBP5 (Stress associated)

Variation in PTSD, mood disorders

Question 15

Reserpine

Answer 15

Antipsychotic drug, Inhibits vesicular monoamine transporters leading to the depletion of DA, NE, 5-HT

Question 16

Increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)…

Answer 16

increases synaptic strength in hippocampus

Question 17

Stress reduces the amount of ____ in the hippocampus

Answer 17

BDNF

Question 18

Has an effect on HPA-axis genes in hippocampus/hypothalamus

Answer 18

Corticosterone

Question 19

The ____ allele is associated with smaller hippocampal volume (compared to the ____ allele)

Answer 19

Met allele - smaller volume

compared to Val allele

Question 20

Downsides of fluoxetine

Answer 20

takes 1 or more weeks to work, doesn’t work in substantial minority

Question 21

Iproniazid

Answer 21

Inhibits monoamine oxidase, increasing levels of DA, NE, 5-HT

Question 22

Inhibits vesicular monoamine transporters leading to the depletion of DA, NE, 5-HT

Answer 22

Reserpine –> leads to depression!

Or can be used in agitated patients (antipsychotic)

Question 23

Inhibits monoamine oxidase, increasing levels of DA, NE, 5-HT

Answer 23

Iproniazid

Question 24

_____ produced antidepressant effects when injected into brain

Answer 24

BDNF

Question 25

Genes associated with stress

Answer 25

HSP90 HYOU1 FKBP5

Question 26

Smaller hippocampus is associated with

Answer 26

Stress - -> either stress shrinks, OR - -> smaller hipp leads to stress

Question 27

Genes involved in BPD

Answer 27

ANK3 CACNA1C ODZ4

Question 28

Gene complexes with GR as chaperone

Answer 28

HSP90

Question 29

BDNF variant A483G alters trafficking of protein leading to

Answer 29

smaller hippocampal volume --> | predisposition to depression?