more foot

Question 1

medial plantar nerve

Answer 1

supplies 4 muscles of the foot :

• *-abductor hallucis**
• *-flexor digitorum brevis**
• *-flexor hallucis brevis**
• *-lumbrical to 2nd digit**

Question 2

lateral plantar nerve

Answer 2

supplies all other foot muscles

Question 3

4 plantar layers of foot

Answer 3

layer 1 :

abductor digiti minimi

flexor digitorum brevis

abductor hallucis

Question 4

Answer 4

flexor digitorum brevis

proximal attachment : tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and inter muscular septa

distal attachment : both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

action : flexes lateral four digits

innervation : medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Question 5

Answer 5

abductor hallucis

proximal attachment : tuberosity of calcaneous, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis

distal attachment : medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

action : abducts and flexes 1st digit (big toe)

innervation : medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 6

Answer 6

abductor digiti minimi

proximal attachment : tuberosity of calcaneous, plantar aponeurosis, inter muscular septa

distal attachment : lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

action : abducts and flexes 5th digit

innervation : lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 7

layer 2

Answer 7

quadratus plantae

lumbricals

Question 8

Answer 8

quadratus plantae

proximal attachment : plantar surface of calcaneus

distal attachment : tendon of flexor digitorum longus

action : assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

innervation : lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 9

Answer 9

lumbricals

proximal attachment : tendons of flexor digitorum longus

distal attachment : medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

action : flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

innervation :

• medial one: medial plantar nerve*
• lateral three : lateral plantar nerve*

Question 10

layer 3

Answer 10

Flexor hallucis brevis

Adductor Hallucis

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 11

Answer 11

flexor hallucis brevis

proximal attachment : cuboid and lateral cuneiform

distal attachment : both sides of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

action : flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

innervation : medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 12

Answer 12

adductor hallucis

proximal attachment :

• oblique head : bases of metatarsal 2-4*
• transverse head : plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joints*

Distal attachments : tendons of both heads attach to base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

action : adducts 1st digit, maintains transverse arch of foot

innervation : deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 13

Answer 13

flexor digiti minimi brevis

Proximal attachment : base of 5th metatarsal

distal attachment : base of proximal phalanx of 5th metatarsal

action : flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit; assisting with flexion

innervation : superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 14

layer 4

Answer 14

plantar interossei (3 muscles)

dorsal interossei (4 muscles)

Question 15

Answer 15

plantar interossei and dorsal interossei

2nd toe is what all toes abduct and adduct around, unlike middle finger in hand

Plantar interossei Adduct (PAD) and arise from a single metatarsal as unipennate muscles

-also flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Dorsal interossei ABduct (DAB) and arise from two metatarsals as bipinnate muscles

-also flex metatarsophalangeal joints

innervation : lateral plantar nerve