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AP Psych > Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A 
done for its own sake 
I read because I like reading 
class because enjoy material
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2
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

Outside Motivators
I read because I will get stickers
class because you can get college credit

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3
Q

Industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology

A

applies motivational principles to make workers and companies more efficient, productive, and improve wellbeing (I know, I know and incorrect series)

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4
Q

Ethologists

A

Study animal behavior in natural setting

instinct

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5
Q

Instinct Theories

A

ethologists

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6
Q

Instinct

A

innate/preprogrammed behavior that is released as a response to a stimulus
unlearned
present in practically every healthy member of species

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7
Q

Fixed Action Patterns

A 
instincts 
manifest in response to environment 
ex. migration 
hibernation 
response to hawk
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8
Q

trigger feature/sign stimulus

A

an environmental event that causes a reaction

hawk eyes cause birds to hide, hawk eyes are the trigger feature

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9
Q

Sociobiology

A

focuses on the role of basic biological mechanisms in motivation
people act in ways that will help them perpetuate their own genes
ex. altruistic suicide

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10
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

draws from both sociobiology and ethology
many human behaviors are genetically influenced
applies evolution and natural selection
behaviors serve an adaptive purpose
accounts for differences in mate selection
men choose young, fertile females, women choose men with resources

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11
Q

Drive theory (drive-reduction theory)

A

everyone has fundamental needs that need to be fulfilled
HOMEOSTASIS
need —> drive —> behavior
criticized because it works for like explaining thirst but not like bungee jumping

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12
Q

Arousal Thoery

A

accounts for the tendency to engage in sensation seeking behavior
everyone has an optimal arousal level and works to maintain that

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13
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

relationship between arousal levels and performance
relationship between states, difficulty, and performance
moderate level is goof for a difficult task, high level better for an easy task

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14
Q

Incentive Theory

A 
effect of external factors 
pulled toward behaviors by extrinsic rewards/incentives 
bonus for great work 
or could be avoidance of negative stuff 
Outside factors affect behavior
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15
Q

Festinger

A

Cognitive dissonance

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16
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A

people want their thoughts and behaviors to match up (like a cognitive homeostasis)
Part of PAWS, help animals
If you are a part of PAWS and you are like mean to bunnies, you will feel anxiety and tension
this dissonance will cause you to wither change attitude or behavior
ex. quit PAWS
or justify (that bunny was really mean)

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17
Q

Cognitive Congruence

A

equilibrium between thoughts and actions

balance between what we feel and how we act

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18
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

HUMANIST= optimistic about human nature

Hierarchy of needs

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19
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Everyone has needs, which we all want to satisfy
some are survival (people need food and water)
some are more like philosophicaly

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20
Q

Self-actualization

A

the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
desire to realize full potential as a human
self-acceptance, wconsider others, creative, individualism
Think: Gandhi, MLK, Bayard Rustin

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21
Q

Physiological Needs

A

lowest level on Maslow’s hierarchy
food and water
Physiological–> physi—> phy —-> f —-> first

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22
Q

Shelter and Safety

A

Second tier of Maslow’s hierarchy
S for seconf
what it sounds look

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23
Q

Love and Belonging needs

A

Third on Maslow’s hierarchy
I love you = three words, third level
people want to be loved and feel love

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24
Q

Self-esteem needs

A

fourth on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
self-esteem —> team—> four letters in team
fourth tier

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25
Self-determination theory
humans have "inherent growth tendencies" most things are done because of intrinsic motivation people naturally seek out autonomy, competence, and relatedness (CAR) part of positive psych
26
Positive Psychology
Focuses on how positive emotions contribute to overall health happy, more likely to help others
27
Martin Seligman
positive psych
28
Hostile aggression
``` carried out for own sake often physical knock someone into the wall reactionary retaliatory ```
29
Instrumental aggression
working toward another goal besides aggression ex. laugh gleefully as people land on your property in monopoly knock someone over in sports to get to the ball
30
Frustration-aggression principle
when people can't meet objectives, they become frsutrated and then may lash out certain factors amplify aggressive tendencies in those inclined toward aggression
31
Catharsis
some say aggression is cathartic get out aggression through sports, then they won't act out in dangerous wats Associated with Freud
32
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
a projective test people are presented with a photo or picture and asked to tell a story scored on levels of achievement and motivation High desire to achieve and low fear of failure, people seek out challenges that are reasonably attainable but difficult High fear of failure, choose safer options
33
Projective test
people project something about selves on an ambiguous stimulus
34
James-Lange Theory
Physisological then emotional heart races after veering off a highway, then feel fear physical creates emotional
35
Cannon-Bard Theory (Thalamic Theory)
simultaneous recognition of physiological changes and awareness of emotion see bear ---> afraid and racing heart at same time Bard out of a Cannon can't be before
36
Schachter-Singer Theory (2 factor theory)
emotional response depends on two things 1. physiological arousal (e.g. heart rate, breathing) 2. Interpret those physical symptoms butterflies in stomach (nerves before a big game, excitement for a present) S for situation
37
Opponent Process Theories
First rock climb ---> fear and anxiety, after this, don't return to base but instead have opposing happiness next time, fear reduced but euphoria can be just as great (or greater) alternatively, you could crash
38
Microexpressions
very fleeting Ekman
39
Are expressions universal?
six are | happiness, anger, surprise, disgust, sadness, and contempt
40
Display rules
societal norms that govern expression of emotions | ex. guy at UCLA and guy in Japan
41
Facial feedback hypothesis
forces a smile, more likely to make someone happier | induce emotions through physical manipulations
42
Selye q
stress researcher | GAS
43
General Adaption Syndrome
people go through three basic stages of stress alarm resistance exhaustion alarm- fight or flight in response to a threat resistance- attempt to fight or cope with stressor while body stays in same state as before exhaustion- if stressor is not removed, can face extreme exhaustion GAS is ARE
44
Primary Appraisal
Lazarus | first evaluate how stressful an event is to us
45
Secondary appraisal
judge whether and how we can cope with stress
46
Approach-approach conflict
two equally good options | fate or hang out with friends
47
avoidance-avoidance
two equally unattractive optiosn | dentist- fear of appointment but rotting teeth
48
approach-avoidance
a situation has both good and bad qualities like a program at a college, but it is expensive love dance, hate the teacher love someone, but don't want commitment
49
Multiple approach avoidance conflicts
love someone, but fear of commitment AND they have a lot of money, but that could make you feel guilty. Your parents like them, but theirs don't like you many factors at play
50
Sexual Response Cycle
``` four stages of sexual responding dedscribed by Masters and Johnson Excitement Plateau Orgasm Resolution EPOR ``` rope backwards knots
51
Triphasic Model
Desire ************************************* Excitement Orgasm head in game
52
Leptin
a hormone
53
Lateral Hypothalamus
start eating
54
Ventromedial hypothalamus
feel satiated
55
OBesity
at least 20% other medicallt ideal body weight
56
set point
the weight a person's body settles at
57
Erotic Stimuli
learn that it is sexually arousing
58
Amygdala
emotional memories and anger
59
Which region of the brain controls emotions?
right hemisphere
60
Sympathetic Nervous System
increase heart rate, breathing, sweaty palms, dry mouth
61
Hormones in endocrine
adrenaline and noradrenaline
62
Nuerotransmitters in endocrine
epinephrine and norepinephrine
63
Facial Affect Program
Ekman | people innately respond to the same emotions with the same facial expressiosn
64
anorexia nervosa
self-starvation | One commonly used threshold for diagnosing is failure to maintain at least 85% of what is normal
65
Bulimia nervosa
compulsive binge eating followed by purging | weight fluctuations generally in normal range
66
Goleman
marshmallow tst
67
Emotional Intelligence
ability to understand with and empathize with otehrs
68
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love
attachment to others can be romantic or not 1. intimacy- emotion ---> close feelings 2. passion - motivation ---> physical and sexual attraction 3. commitment- cognition --> decision to remain
69
Mental Filtering
filter out good and focus on bad
70
Coping with stress
general strategies a. distraction b. rehearsal c. social support d. other
71
Problem focused on coping
strategy get a paper done, make a schedule
72
Emotion focused coping
talk to a teacher, gonna be upset, how to take it in, take a breath anti-anxiety technique
73
Psychological reaction to stress
interaction between a person's temperament
74
stress
emotional and physical response to a challenge
75
sadness
mild, relatively brief response get over soon like loss of a sock
76
grief
long term. longer lasting feeling of despondency deep well of despair doesn't always lead to depression
77
disgust
avoid protective emotion taste aversion
78
Anxiety
general, hard to identify
79
Fear
something specific, specific threat
80
sexual motivation
factors that encourage sexual motivation a. need to reproduce b. sexual arousal =many factors in humans erotic stimuli- learn that it is sexually arousing
81
need for power
control
82
need for affiliation
need to belong, bonds, attachment is one kind
83
need for achievement
TAT
84
Personnel Psychology
sub field of I-O psych that focuses on employee recruit, selection, placement, training
85
competence
mastery of a skill | part of Self-determination theory
86
autonomy
do for self part of self-determination theory
87
relatedness
connection to others (part of self-determination)

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