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AP Psych > Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A 
done for its own sake 
I read because I like reading 
class because enjoy material
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2
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

Outside Motivators
I read because I will get stickers
class because you can get college credit

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3
Q

Industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology

A

applies motivational principles to make workers and companies more efficient, productive, and improve wellbeing (I know, I know and incorrect series)

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4
Q

Ethologists

A

Study animal behavior in natural setting

instinct

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5
Q

Instinct Theories

A

ethologists

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6
Q

Instinct

A

innate/preprogrammed behavior that is released as a response to a stimulus
unlearned
present in practically every healthy member of species

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7
Q

Fixed Action Patterns

A 
instincts 
manifest in response to environment 
ex. migration 
hibernation 
response to hawk
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8
Q

trigger feature/sign stimulus

A

an environmental event that causes a reaction

hawk eyes cause birds to hide, hawk eyes are the trigger feature

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9
Q

Sociobiology

A

focuses on the role of basic biological mechanisms in motivation
people act in ways that will help them perpetuate their own genes
ex. altruistic suicide

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10
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

draws from both sociobiology and ethology
many human behaviors are genetically influenced
applies evolution and natural selection
behaviors serve an adaptive purpose
accounts for differences in mate selection
men choose young, fertile females, women choose men with resources

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11
Q

Drive theory (drive-reduction theory)

A

everyone has fundamental needs that need to be fulfilled
HOMEOSTASIS
need —> drive —> behavior
criticized because it works for like explaining thirst but not like bungee jumping

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12
Q

Arousal Thoery

A

accounts for the tendency to engage in sensation seeking behavior
everyone has an optimal arousal level and works to maintain that

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13
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

relationship between arousal levels and performance
relationship between states, difficulty, and performance
moderate level is goof for a difficult task, high level better for an easy task

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14
Q

Incentive Theory

A 
effect of external factors 
pulled toward behaviors by extrinsic rewards/incentives 
bonus for great work 
or could be avoidance of negative stuff 
Outside factors affect behavior
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15
Q

Festinger

A

Cognitive dissonance

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16
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A

people want their thoughts and behaviors to match up (like a cognitive homeostasis)
Part of PAWS, help animals
If you are a part of PAWS and you are like mean to bunnies, you will feel anxiety and tension
this dissonance will cause you to wither change attitude or behavior
ex. quit PAWS
or justify (that bunny was really mean)

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17
Q

Cognitive Congruence

A

equilibrium between thoughts and actions

balance between what we feel and how we act

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18
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

HUMANIST= optimistic about human nature

Hierarchy of needs

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19
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Everyone has needs, which we all want to satisfy
some are survival (people need food and water)
some are more like philosophicaly

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20
Q

Self-actualization

A

the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
desire to realize full potential as a human
self-acceptance, wconsider others, creative, individualism
Think: Gandhi, MLK, Bayard Rustin

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21
Q

Physiological Needs

A

lowest level on Maslow’s hierarchy
food and water
Physiological–> physi—> phy —-> f —-> first

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22
Q

Shelter and Safety

A

Second tier of Maslow’s hierarchy
S for seconf
what it sounds look

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23
Q

Love and Belonging needs

A

Third on Maslow’s hierarchy
I love you = three words, third level
people want to be loved and feel love

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24
Q

Self-esteem needs

A

fourth on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
self-esteem —> team—> four letters in team
fourth tier

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25
Q

Self-determination theory

A

humans have “inherent growth tendencies”
most things are done because of intrinsic motivation
people naturally seek out autonomy, competence, and relatedness (CAR)
part of positive psych

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26
Q

Positive Psychology

A

Focuses on how positive emotions contribute to overall health
happy, more likely to help others

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27
Q

Martin Seligman

A

positive psych

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28
Q

Hostile aggression

A 
carried out for own sake 
often physical 
knock someone into the wall
reactionary
retaliatory
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29
Q

Instrumental aggression

A

working toward another goal besides aggression
ex. laugh gleefully as people land on your property in monopoly
knock someone over in sports to get to the ball

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30
Q

Frustration-aggression principle

A

when people can’t meet objectives, they become frsutrated and then may lash out
certain factors amplify aggressive tendencies in those inclined toward aggression

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31
Q

Catharsis

A

some say aggression is cathartic
get out aggression through sports, then they won’t act out in dangerous wats
Associated with Freud

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32
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

a projective test
people are presented with a photo or picture and asked to tell a story
scored on levels of achievement and motivation

High desire to achieve and low fear of failure, people seek out challenges that are reasonably attainable but difficult
High fear of failure, choose safer options

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33
Q

Projective test

A

people project something about selves on an ambiguous stimulus

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34
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

Physisological then emotional
heart races after veering off a highway, then feel fear
physical creates emotional

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35
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory (Thalamic Theory)

A

simultaneous recognition of physiological changes and awareness of emotion
see bear —> afraid and racing heart at same time
Bard out of a Cannon
can’t be before

36
Q

Schachter-Singer Theory (2 factor theory)

A

emotional response depends on two things
1. physiological arousal (e.g. heart rate, breathing)
2. Interpret those physical symptoms
butterflies in stomach (nerves before a big game, excitement for a present)
S for situation

37
Q

Opponent Process Theories

A

First rock climb —> fear and anxiety, after this, don’t return to base but instead have opposing happiness
next time, fear reduced but euphoria can be just as great (or greater)
alternatively, you could crash

38
Q

Microexpressions

A

very fleeting Ekman

39
Q

Are expressions universal?

A

six are

happiness, anger, surprise, disgust, sadness, and contempt

40
Q

Display rules

A

societal norms that govern expression of emotions

ex. guy at UCLA and guy in Japan

41
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis

A

forces a smile, more likely to make someone happier

induce emotions through physical manipulations

42
Q

Selye q

A

stress researcher

GAS

43
Q

General Adaption Syndrome

A

people go through three basic stages of stress
alarm
resistance
exhaustion

alarm- fight or flight in response to a threat
resistance- attempt to fight or cope with stressor while body stays in same state as before
exhaustion- if stressor is not removed, can face extreme exhaustion

GAS is ARE

44
Q

Primary Appraisal

A

Lazarus

first evaluate how stressful an event is to us

45
Q

Secondary appraisal

A

judge whether and how we can cope with stress

46
Q

Approach-approach conflict

A

two equally good options

fate or hang out with friends

47
Q

avoidance-avoidance

A

two equally unattractive optiosn

dentist- fear of appointment but rotting teeth

48
Q

approach-avoidance

A

a situation has both good and bad qualities
like a program at a college, but it is expensive
love dance, hate the teacher
love someone, but don’t want commitment

49
Q

Multiple approach avoidance conflicts

A

love someone, but fear of commitment AND they have a lot of money, but that could make you feel guilty. Your parents like them, but theirs don’t like you
many factors at play

50
Q

Sexual Response Cycle

A 
four stages of sexual responding dedscribed by Masters and Johnson 
Excitement 
Plateau 
Orgasm
Resolution 
EPOR

rope backwards
knots

51
Q

Triphasic Model

A

Desire *********
Excitement
Orgasm
head in game

52
Q

Leptin

A

a hormone

53
Q

Lateral Hypothalamus

A

start eating

54
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus

A

feel satiated

55
Q

OBesity

A

at least 20% other medicallt ideal body weight

56
Q

set point

A

the weight a person’s body settles at

57
Q

Erotic Stimuli

A

learn that it is sexually arousing

58
Q

Amygdala

A

emotional memories and anger

59
Q

Which region of the brain controls emotions?

A

right hemisphere

60
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

increase heart rate, breathing, sweaty palms, dry mouth

61
Q

Hormones in endocrine

A

adrenaline and noradrenaline

62
Q

Nuerotransmitters in endocrine

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

63
Q

Facial Affect Program

A

Ekman

people innately respond to the same emotions with the same facial expressiosn

64
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

self-starvation

One commonly used threshold for diagnosing is failure to maintain at least 85% of what is normal

65
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

compulsive binge eating followed by purging

weight fluctuations generally in normal range

66
Q

Goleman

A

marshmallow tst

67
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A

ability to understand with and empathize with otehrs

68
Q

Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

A

attachment to others
can be romantic or not
1. intimacy- emotion —> close feelings
2. passion - motivation —> physical and sexual attraction
3. commitment- cognition –> decision to remain

69
Q

Mental Filtering

A

filter out good and focus on bad

70
Q

Coping with stress

A

general strategies

a. distraction
b. rehearsal
c. social support
d. other

71
Q

Problem focused on coping

A

strategy get a paper done, make a schedule

72
Q

Emotion focused coping

A

talk to a teacher, gonna be upset, how to take it in, take a breath
anti-anxiety technique

73
Q

Psychological reaction to stress

A

interaction between a person’s temperament

74
Q

stress

A

emotional and physical response to a challenge

75
Q

sadness

A

mild, relatively brief response
get over soon
like loss of a sock

76
Q

grief

A

long term. longer lasting feeling of despondency
deep well of despair
doesn’t always lead to depression

77
Q

disgust

A

avoid
protective emotion
taste aversion

78
Q

Anxiety

A

general, hard to identify

79
Q

Fear

A

something specific, specific threat

80
Q

sexual motivation

A

factors that encourage sexual motivation
a. need to reproduce
b. sexual arousal =many factors in humans
erotic stimuli- learn that it is sexually arousing

81
Q

need for power

A

control

82
Q

need for affiliation

A

need to belong, bonds, attachment is one kind

83
Q

need for achievement

A

TAT

84
Q

Personnel Psychology

A

sub field of I-O psych that focuses on employee recruit, selection, placement, training

85
Q

competence

A

mastery of a skill

part of Self-determination theory

86
Q

autonomy

A

do for self part of self-determination theory

87
Q

relatedness

A

connection to others (part of self-determination)

AP Psych (9 decks)

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