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Anatomy II > Mouth - Pharynx > Flashcards

Mouth - Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2/(3) parts of the oral cavity?

It is lined by..?

A

parts:

  • vestibulum oris
  • cavitas oris propria
  • (isthmus faucium)

lined by tunica mucosa oris

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2
Q

What are the borders of the vestibulum oris?

What opens into it?

A
  • anteriorly: lips
  • interiorly: dental arches
  • laterally: cheeks

minor salivary glands + gl. parotidea

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3
Q

What are the borders of the cavitas oris propria?

A
  • anteriorly + laterally: proc. alveolares, teeth, gingiva
  • posteriorly: isthmus faucium
  • roof: palatum durum/molle
  • floor: diaphragma orist
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4
Q

1 - 5

A

1) cheek
2) lip
3) vestibulum oris
4) arcus palatopharyngeus
5) arcus palatoglossus

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5
Q

6 - 10

A

6) uvula
7) tonsilla palatina
8) processus alveolaris
9) frenulum labii inf.
10) frenulum labii sup.

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6
Q

11 - 14

A

11) papilla incisiva
12) raphe palati
13) plicae palatinae transversae
14) isthmus faucium

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7
Q

What are the layers of the cheeks?

A

from inside to outside:

  • tunica mucosa oris
  • m. buccinator
  • corpus adiposum buccae
  • m. masseter
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8
Q

1 - 5

Which 2 structures meet at #4?

What seperates the lips from the cheeks?

A

1) labium superior
2) labium inferior
3) angulus oris
4) rima oris (vermillion border + mucosa meet)
5) philtrum

sulcus nasolabialis

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9
Q

How are the lips and cheecks innervated?

Which vessels are responsible for the blood supply?

A
  • sensory innervation:
    • upper lip: n. infraorbitalis
    • lower lip: n. mentalis
    • tunica mucosa: n. buccalis
  • blood supply: a. + v. facialis

​

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10
Q

What are the muscles of the diaphragma oris?

By which muscle is it mainly formed?

What is their common action?

A

muscles: = suprahyoid muscles

  • m. mylohyoideus (main part of diaphragma oris)
  • m. geniohyoideus
  • m. digastricus
  • m. stylohyoideus

⇒ active opening of mouth, raising hyoid, swallowing

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11
Q
A

m. mylohyoideus

  • ORIGIN: linea mylohyoidea
  • INSERTION: raphe + hyoid bone
  • INNERVATION: n. mylohyoideus (n. mandibularis)
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12
Q
A

m. geniohyoideus

  • ORIGIN: spina mentalis
  • INSERTION: hyoid bone
  • INNERVATION: ventral rami of plexus cervicalis
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13
Q
A

m. digastricus

  • ORIGIN:
    • venter ant.: fossa digastrica
    • venter post.: incisura mastoidea
  • INSERTION: hyoid bone
  • INNERVATION:
    • venter ant.: n. mylohyoideus
    • venter post.: n. facialis
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14
Q
A

m. stylohyoideus

  • ORIGIN: proc. styloideus
  • INSERTION: corpus + cornu majus
  • INNERVATION: n. facialis
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15
Q

1 - 5

What opens into #3?

Which structure forms #4?

Which glands open into #5?

Mistake in drawing: #5 is at medial tip of #4,

A

1) frenulum linguae
2) v. profunda linguae
3) plica fimbriata (gl. lingualis ant. opens into)
4) plica sublingualis (gl. sublingualis)
5) caruncula sublingualis (gl. sublingualis, submandibularis open into)

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16
Q

Where is the sulcus lateralis linguae?

What does it contain?

A

btw m. mylohyoideus & m. hyoglossus

content:

  • n. hypoglossus
  • n. lingualis
  • v. sublingualis
  • ductus submandibularis (Wharton duct)
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17
Q

What are the layers of the palatum durum?

What does the most superficial layer contain in its posterior portion and what is it continuous with?

A

from deep to superficial:

  • skeletal framework: proc. palatini maxillae, laminae horizontales of palatine bone
  • periosteum
  • thick mucosa (small mucous secr. gll. palatinae in post. portion), continuous with gingiva
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18
Q

Give another name for palatum molle

A

velum palatini

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19
Q

1

A

m. tensor veli palatini

  • ORIGIN: cranial base, tuba auditiva
  • INSERTION: aponeurosis palatina
  • INNERVATION: n. mandibularis
  • ACTION: tenses + elevates palatum molle, opens tuba auditiva
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20
Q

2

A

m. levator veli palatini

  • ORIGIN: cranial base
  • INSERTION: aponeurosis palatina
  • INNERVATION: plexus pharyngeus (n. glossopharyngeus, n vagus)
  • ACTION: elevates + retracts palatum molle, opens tuba auditiva
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21
Q

3

A

m. palatoglossus

  • ORIGIN: aponeurosis palatina
  • INSERTION: lat. margin of base of tongue
  • INNERVATION: n. glosspharyngeus
  • ACTION: contracts isthmus faucium
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22
Q

4

A

m. palatopharyngeus

  • ORIGIN: aponeurosis palatina
  • INSERTION: in arcus palatopharyngeus
  • INNERVATION: n. glosspharyngeus
  • ACTION: elevates isthmus faucium
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23
Q

m. uvulae

A
  • ORIGIN: aponeurosis palatina, palatum durum
  • INSERTION: aponeurosis uvulae
  • INNERVATION: plexus pharyngeus
  • ACTION: shortens uvula
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24
Q

What are the 4 different kinds of papillae linguales?

Give brief information.

A
  • _papillae filiformes: _
    • _​_threadlike
    • all over the dorsum
    • tactile information
  • papillae fungiformes:
    • mushroom-shaped
    • on margins
    • taste buds, mechano-/thermoreceptors
  • papillae foliatae:
    • leaf-shaped
    • in rows along post. margin of tongue
    • contain abundant taste buds
  • papillae vallate:__​
    • largest type
    • 7-12 ant. to sulcus terminalis
    • taste buds
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25
Q

Explain the sensory innervation of the tongue.

Which nerve innervates all tongue muscles?

A

Sensory:

  • pars presulcis: n. lingualis (
  • pars postsulcis: n. glossopharyngeus
  • receptor organs:
    • except pap. vallate: chorda tympani (
    • valleculae epiglotticae: n. vagus

⇒ muscular innervation by n. hypoglossus

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26
Q

1 - 5

A

1) m. palatoglossus
2) m. styloglossus
3) m. genioglossus
4) m. hyoglossus
5) hyoid bone

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27
Q

6 - 7

A

6) spina mentalis
7) mandibula

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28
Q
A

m. genioglossus

  • ORIGIN: spina mentalis
  • INSERTION: aponeurosis linguae
  • ACTION: tongue forward, downward
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29
Q
A

m. hyoglossus​

  • ORIGIN: cornu majus of hyoid bone
  • INSERTION: aponeurosis linguae
  • ACTION: tongue backward, upward
30
Q
A

m. styloglossus

  • ORIGIN: proc. styloideus
  • INSERTION: tongue, apex linguae
  • ACTION: tongue backward, upward
31
Q

What are the 3 kinds of intrinsic muscles of the tongue? Name their action + innervation.

What seperates them?

A
  • mm. longitudinales sup. + inf.
  • m. transversus linguae
  • m. verticalis linguae

⇒ alter shape of tongue (2 work antagonistically)

⇒ innervated by n. hypoglossus

⇒ seperated by septum linguae

32
Q

1 - 5

A

1) apex linguae
2) dorsum linguae
3) sulcus terminalis
4) foramen caecum
5) pars presulcalis

33
Q

6 - 10

A

6) pars postsulcalis
7) margo linguae
8) sulcus medianus linguae
9) tonsilla palatina
10) plica glossoepiglottica mediana

34
Q

11 - 13

A

11) plica glossoepiglottica lateralis
12) valleculae epiglotticae
13) folliculi linguales

35
Q

Differentiate btw minor salivary glands.

Where are they located and what is their function?

A
  • mucous glands: in lips, cheeks, tongue, palate + gl. lingualis ant.
  • serous glands: cleansing glands on papillae

⇒ moisten oral mucosa

36
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands?

A
  • gl. parotidea
  • gl. submandibularis
  • gl. sublingualis
37
Q

What does the gl. parotidea secrete?

Where is it located?

Where does it drain into?

Are there any special features?

How is it innervated?

A
  • type of secretion: purely serous
  • location: encapsuled by fascia parotidea, located in fossa retromandibularis (parotid nest)
  • drains into: into papilla parotidea in vestibulum oris at upper 2nd premolar via ductus parotideus
  • special feature: ductus parotideus (= STENSEN duct) often accompanied by gl. parotidea accessoria
  • innervation: parasymp. by n. glossopharyngeus (IX)
38
Q

What are symptoms of mumps?

A
  1. inflammation → enlargement of gl. parotidea → pressure on n. facialis
  2. ductus parotideus visible in vestibulum oris
39
Q

What does the gl. submandibularis secrete?

Where is it located?

Where does it drain into?

How is it innervated?

A
  • secretion: predominantly serous
  • location: in trigonum submandibulare
  • drains into: caruncula sublingualis via ductus submandibularis (= Wharton duct)
  • innervation: parasymp. by chorda tympani
40
Q

What does the gl. sublingualis secrete?

Where is it located and it is responsible for the formation of which structure?

Where do its parts drain into?

How is it innervated?

A
  • secretion: predominantly mucous
  • location__: on m. mylohyoideus, forms plica sublingualis
  • drains into:
    • _​_principal gland via duct of Bartholin into caruncula sublingualis
    • minor sublingual glands via ducts of Rivinus into plica sublingualis
  • innervation: parasymp. by chorda tympani
41
Q

How much saliva is produced each day in average?

Differentiate.

A

approx. 0.5 - 1.5l/day

Types of saliva:

  • resting saliva: mostly by gl. submandibularis
  • stimulated saliva: 50% by gl. parotidea
42
Q

1 - 5

A

1) m. sternocleidomastoideus
2) m. digastricus, venter post.
3) m. masseter
4) m. pterygoideus med.
5) “stylo-“ muscles

43
Q

6 - 11

A

6) proc. pterygoideus
7) gl. parotidea
8) ramus mandibulae
9) n. facialis
10) n. auricotemporalis
11) fascia parotideomasseterica

44
Q

How long is the pharynx and what are its 3 parts?

Each part extends from .. to.. ?

A

12 - 15 cm

  • pars nasalis pharyngis: choana → palatum molle
  • pars oralis pharyngis: palatum molle → plica pharyngoepiglottica
  • pars laryngea pharyngis: plica pharyngoepiglottica → esophagus
45
Q

Which structures open into the pharynx?

Consider the esophagus as a continuation.

A
  • nasal cavity → choana → nasopharynx
  • oral cavity → isthmus faucium → oropharynx
  • larynx → aditus larnygis → laryngopharynx
  • middle ear → tuba auditiva → nasopharynx
46
Q

What surrounds the pharynx?

It can be differentiated into.. ?

It connects to.. ?

A

spatium peripharyngeum: = filled with conn. tissue

  • spatium retropharyngeum
  • spatium parapharyngeum

⇒ connects to mediastinum caudally

47
Q

Differentiate btw the different structures of tunica mucosa in the different parts of the pharnyx.

A
  • in nasopharynx: ciliated resp epithelium
  • in oro-/laryngopharynx: stratified non-keratinized squamous epithelium, gll. pharyngeales → saliva
  • subepithelial conn. tissue: elastic fibers allow stretching/coiling
48
Q

Which muscles act upon the pharynx?

They are innervated by.. ?

A
  • constrictors: by plexus pharyngeus
    • m. constrictor pharyngis superior
    • m. constrictor pharyngis medius
    • m. constrictor pharyngis inferior
  • levatores pharyngis: by n. glossopharyngeus
    • ​m. stylopharyngeus
    • m. palatopharyngeus
    • m. salpingopharyngeus
49
Q

Which nerves form the plexus pharyngeus?

A

n. glosspharyngeus (IX) + n. vagus (X)

50
Q

What are the parts of m. constrictor pharyngis superior?

Origin, insertion, action?

What does it form when contracted?

A
  • ORIGIN:
    • pars pterygoph.: proc. pterygoideus
    • pars buccoph.: raphe pterygomandibularis
    • pars myloph.: linea mylohyoidea
    • pars glossoph.: tongue
  • INSERTION: raphe pharyngis
  • ACTION: closure of nasal cavity ⇒ Passavant’s ridge
51
Q

What are the parts of m. constrictor pharyngis medius?

Origin, insertion, action.

A
  • ORIGIN:
    • pars chondroph.: cornu minus of hyoid bone
    • pars ceratoph.: cornu majus of hyoid bone
  • INSERTION: raphe pharyngis
  • ACTION: movement of bolus
52
Q

What are the parts of m. constrictor pharyngis inferior?

Origin, insertion, action.

Which special structures are formed by it?

A
  • ORIGIN:
    • pars tyroph.: cartilago thyroidea
    • pars cricoph.: cartilago cricoidea

⇒ Killian’s (cranially), Laimer’s triangle (caudally)

  • INSERTION: raphe pharyngis
  • ACTION: closure of aditus laryngis
53
Q

What is the clinical relevance of Killian’s triangle?

A

weakest point of pharynx → possible site of hernias → Zenker’s diverticulum (up to fist size)

54
Q

Which tonsills from a special structure in the area of the pharynx and what is its name?

What is their function?

A

Waldeyer’s ring:

  • 1x t. pharyngea
  • 2x t. tubaria
  • 2x t. palatina
  • 1x t. lingualis

⇒ first contact btw tidal air + food → lymphatic action

55
Q

What can be possible effects of adenoids?

A

swelling → possible closure of ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae → deafness

56
Q

What is essential for a successful deglutition?

Explain each procedure.

A
  • closure of nasopharynx: closure upper airways
    • elevation of isthmus faucium
    • contraction of m. constrictor pharyngis sup. → Passavant’s ridge
  • closure of larynx: closure lower airways
    • elevation of larynx against epiglottis by mm. levatores pharyngis + diaphragma oris
  • movement of bolus to esophagus: by mm. of tongue and mm. constrictores
57
Q

1 - 5

A

1) fornix
2) t. pharyngea
3) choana
4) plica salpingopharyngea + m.
5) plica salpingopalatina + m.

58
Q

6 - 9

A

6) torus tobarius
7) torus levatorius
8) ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivea
9) t. tobaria

59
Q

What might be the effect of an enlarged pharyngeal tonsil in children?

A

→ displacing choanae → impairing nasal breathing

or

→ displacing pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube → abnormal ventilation of the auditory tube

60
Q

Torus levatorius and torus tobarius can serve as .. ?

A

anatomical landmarks for a probe and catheter to examine the tuba auditiva

61
Q

1 - 5

What forms #3 also?

A

1) cartilago cricoidea
2) cartilago thyroidea
3) os hyoideum (cornu majus)
4) cornu minus
5) mandibula

62
Q

6 - 10

A

6) linea mylohyoidea
7) proc. pterygoideus
8) tuberculum pharyngeum
9) clivus
10) raphe pterygomandibularis

63
Q

11 - 16

A

11) fascia pharyngobasilaris
12) lamina prevertebralis of fascia cervicalis
13) spatium retropharyngeum
14) m. constrictor pharyngis superior
15) m. constrictor pharyngis medius
16) m. constrictor pharyngis inferior

64
Q

Explain heterodont dentition.

Also list the different types.

A

teeth are shaped according to their function

​types of teeth per quadrant:

  • 2 incisives → biting
  • 1 canine → tearing + grasping
  • 2 premolars → grinding
  • 3 molars → chewing

⇒ 32 teeth in total

65
Q

Explain diphyodont dentition.

A

deciduous teeth are replaced by permanent teeth

  • first deciduous after 6 - 7 months
  • first permanent at 6 - 7th year

BUT: NO molar deciduous teeth → only 20 inst. of 32

66
Q

Differentiate btw tooth segments.

A
  • root (radix) = in procc. alveolares of maxilla/mandible
  • neck (cervix dentis) = in gingiva
  • crown (corona) = with apex/cusps
67
Q

How many roots does each type of tooth have?

A
  • incisive: 1 root
  • canine: 1 root
  • premolar: 2 roots for upper, 1 root for lower
  • molar: 3 roots for upper, 2 roots for lower
68
Q

Explain following terms:

  • buccal surface
  • labial surface
  • lingual surface
  • palatal surface
  • mesial surface
  • distal surface
  • apikal surface
  • cervical surface
  • occlusal surface
A
  • buccal surface = to cheeks (vestibular)
  • labial surface = to lips (vestibular)
  • lingual surface = to tongue (upper)
  • palatal surface = to palatine (lower)
  • mesial surface = ant./med.
  • distal surface = post./lat.
  • apikal surface = to apex
  • cervical surface = to cervix
  • occlusal surface = to opposing dental arcade
69
Q

Explain the dental formula for deciduous as well as permanent teeth.

A

first digit = quadrant

  • 1 - 4 for permanent
  • 5 - 8 for deciduous

second digit = tooth from mesial to distal

  • 1 - 8 for permanent
  • 1 - 5 for deciduous

ex: 63 = canine in left max. quadrant

70
Q

Explain the structure of teeth.

A
  • bulk of tooth = dentin + inside pulp cavity (vascularized)
  • crown covered by enamel
  • cervix + root covered by cementum

⇒ tooth held in proc. alveolaris by periodontal lig.

⇒ periodontium = periodontal lig., cementum, gingiva + alveolar wall

71
Q

Which vessels supply/drain the teeth?

Innervation?

A

supply:

  • upper jaw: ​a. infraorbitalis → a. alveolaris sup. ant./post./med.
  • lower jaw: a. maxillaris → a. alveolaris inf.

​drainage: cf. supply

innervation: (all from rami of n. trigeminus) cf. supply

Anatomy II (13 decks)

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