Movement and Muscle control

Question 1

____is composed of differentiated cells containing ___, which have the special ability to shorten or contract to move the body parts.

Answer 1

Muscle tissue; contractile proteins

Question 2

Muscle tissues are derived from the

Answer 2

mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells.

Question 3

Muscle cells contain protein filaments of ____that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cells.

Answer 3

actin and myosin

Question 4

Characteristics of a Muscle (5)

Answer 4

-Specialized cells:
-Excitability/irritability:
-Contractility:
-Extensibility:
-Elasticity:

Question 5

elongated, high density of myofilaments or cytoplasmic filaments of actin and myosin.

Answer 5

Specialized cells:

Question 6

ability to respond to stimuli.

Answer 6

Excitability/irritability:

Question 7

ability to contract.

Answer 7

Contractility:

Question 8

ability of a muscle to be stretched.

Answer 8

Extensibility:

Question 9

ability to recoil and return to its normal shape after stretch

Answer 9

Elasticity:

Question 10

Muscle Function (5)

Answer 10

• Produce Movement
• Maintain Posture and Body Position
• Stabilize Joints
• Generate Heat
• Additional Functions

Question 11

Skeletal muscle fibers are packaged into organs called ___that attach to the skeleton.

Answer 11

skeletal muscles

Question 12

cover our bone and cartilage framework; help form the smooth contours of the body.

Answer 12

Skeletal Muscle

Question 13

are large, cigarshaped, multinucleate cells.

Answer 13

Skeletal muscle fibers

Question 14

is also known as striated muscle and as voluntary muscle

Answer 14

Skeletal muscle

Question 15

Connective Tissues wrapping:

Wraps entire muscle- __
Wraps muscle fibers-___
Wraps fascicle-__

Answer 15

Wraps entire muscle- epimysium
Wraps muscle fibers- endomysium
Wraps fascicle- perimysium

Question 16

muscles that have no striations and is involuntary,

Answer 16

Smooth Muscle

Question 17

muscles found mainly in the walls of hollow(tubelike) organs

Answer 17

Smooth Muscle

Question 18

spindle-shaped, uninucleate, and surrounded by scant endomysium
and are arranged in two layers (___ and ___)

Answer 18

Smooth muscle fibers; circular and longitudinal

Question 19

muscle is striated, uninucleated and under involuntary control.

Answer 19

Cardiac Muscle

Question 20

are cushioned by small amountsof endomysiumand are arranged in spiral or figure 8–shaped bundles

Answer 20

cardiac cells

Question 21

___are branching cells joined by special gap junctions called __

Answer 21

Cardiac muscle fibers; intercalated discs

Question 22

Microscopic Anatomy of Muscle (3)

Answer 22

Sarcomeres
Myofilaments
Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

are the structural and functional units of skeletal muscle.

Answer 23

Sarcomeres

Question 24

___ are the precise arrangement of even smaller structures within sarcomeres– _____

Answer 24

Myofilaments ; Thick and Thin Myofibrils

Question 25

interconnecting tubules and sacs; used for store calciumand to release it on demand when themuscle fiberisstimulated tocontract

Answer 25

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 26

Contractile Apparatus (8)

Answer 26

alpha- actinin
troponin
myosin
actin
myomesin
My-PB-C
Tropomyosin
Titin

Question 27

Muscle fibers have several special functional properties that enable them to perform their duties (3)

Answer 27

-Irritability,
-Contractility,
-Extensibility/elasticity

Question 28

also called responsiveness, which is the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus.

Answer 28

Irritability,

Question 29

is the ability to forcibly shorten when adequately stimulated.

Answer 29

Contractility,

Question 30

___ is the ability of muscle fibers to stretch, whereas ___ is their ability to recoil and resume their resting length after being stretched.

Answer 30

Extensibility; elasticity

Question 31

Skeletal muscle fibersmust be stimulated by ___

Answer 31

nerve impulses.

Question 32

___ may stimulate a few muscle fibers or hundreds of them, depending on the particular muscleand theworkit does.

Answer 32

One motor neuron (nerve cell)

Question 33

consists of one neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates

Answer 33

motor unit

Question 34

____contain synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitter which stimulates skeletal muscle fibers is ___

Answer 34

Neuromuscular junctions; Acetylcholine or Ach.

Question 35

Mechanism of Muscle Contraction is explained by

Answer 35

SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY

Question 36

___ states that a “muscle fiber will contract to its fullest extent when it is stimulated adequately; it never partially contracts.

Answer 36

Muscle Law

Question 37

Graded Muscle Contraction is generated by (2)

Answer 37

(1) by changing the frequency of muscle stimulation
(2) by changing the number of muscle fibers being stimulated at onetime.

Question 38

What Fuels Muscle Contraction? (3)

Answer 38

-Direct phosphorylation
-aerobic pathway
-anaerobic pathway

Question 39

Types of Muscle Contraction (2)

Answer 39

Isotonic contractions
Isometric contractions

Question 40

Type of muscle contraction where the myofilaments are successful in their sliding movements, the muscle shortens, and movement occurs.

Answer 40

Isotonic contractions

Question 41

examples of isotonic contractions. (3)

Answer 41

Bending the knee,
lifting weights,
smiling

Question 42

Type of muscle contraction where the myosin filaments are “spinning theirwheels,” and the tension in the muscle keeps increasing. They are trying to slide, but the muscle is pitted against some more or less immovable object.

Answer 42

Isometric contractions