MT 4 Notes

Question 1

(substrate)
substances that are changed during a chemical reaction

Answer 1

Reactant in a Chemical Reaction

Question 2

substances that are made by a chemical reaction

Answer 2

Product in a Chemical Reaction

Question 3

build large molecules from smaller ones, requires consuming energy to do it = endersonic

Answer 3

Anabolic

Question 4

break down larger molecules into simpler compounds, release energy =energonic

Answer 4

Catabolic

Question 5

absorbs energy (in the form of heat or light)
Ex. Photosynthesis

Answer 5

Endothermic

Question 6

releases energy (in the form of heat or light)
Ex. cellular respiration

Answer 6

Exothermic

Question 7

substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered

Answer 7

Catalyst

Question 8

mostly proteins that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
-metabolic reactions are controlled by this

Answer 8

Enzyme

Question 9

the amount of energy needed to make a chemical reaction start

Answer 9

Activation Energy

Question 10

Enzymes active site gets deformed and loses its specific shape –> loss of biological activity

Answer 10

Denaturation

Question 11

What are 5 ways to change reaction rates?

Answer 11

Temperature, pH, Substrate Concentration, Catalysts, Competitive Inhibitor

Question 12

What is the purpose of an enzyme?

Answer 12

to help speed up chemical reactions in our body

Question 13

What organelle does photosynthesis occur in?

Answer 13

Chloroplast

Question 14

What organism does photosynthesis occur in?

Answer 14

plants, algae, some animals

Question 15

What is the purpose of Photosynthesis?

Answer 15

the overall process by which sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide are chemically converted into chemical energy stored in glucose

Question 16

Carbon Dioxide + Water –> Glucose + Oxygen + Water

Answer 16

formula for Photosynthesis

Question 17

Is Photosynthesis Endothermic or Exothermic?

Answer 17

It is endothermic, because it takes in energy from the sun

Question 18

Glucose + Oxygen –> Water + Carbon Dioxide + Energy

Answer 18

formula for cellular respiration

Question 19

The pigment that captures sunlight

Answer 19

Chlorophyll

Question 20

-requires solar energy
-to capture energy from the sun and store energy in “energy-carrying molecules”
-occurs in the grana where the chlorophyll is stored

Answer 20

Light-Dependent Reaction

Question 21

-does NOT require any solar energy
-to use the energy from the “energy-carrying molecules” from the light-dependent reaction to make sugar
-occurs in the storm

Answer 21

Light-Independent Reaction

Question 22

What are the reactants of Light-Independent reactions?

Answer 22

Calvin Cycle: ATP, NADPH, Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide

Question 23

What is the product of Light-Independent Reactions

Answer 23

Glucose

Question 24

What are the reactants of Light-Dependent Reactions?

Answer 24

Energy from the sun

Question 25

What are the products of Light-Dependent reactions?

Answer 25

Oxygen, ATP, NADPH, hydrogen

Question 26

Chemical reactions powered by ATP and NADPH combine hydrogen (from water) with carbon dioxide to form sugar molecules (glucose)

Answer 26

Calvin Cycle

Question 27

C6 H12 O6

Answer 27

glucose

Question 28

Adenosine triphosphate, an energy-carrying molecule that carries/stores energy for cell functions

Answer 28

ATP

Question 29

Adenosine diphosphate, it is combined with a phosphate molecule to make ATP

Answer 29

ADP

Question 30

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings

Answer 30

NADPH

Question 31

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, is normally far less abundant in cells due to its immediate reduction to NADPH

Answer 31

NADP

Question 32

What is the order of the process of Photosynthesis?

Answer 32

Starts off as Light-Dependent by energy from the sun that is passed down the Electron Transport Chain and is stored in the bonds of ATP and NADPH. Then water molecules are split into hydrogen and oxygen. Oxygen is released as a waste product. ATP, NADPH, and hydrogen leave the grana and go into the storma for the next stage. Then it goes through the Calvin cycle and that takes in carbon dioxide and when it is done it releases glucose and NADPH and ATP then the cycle starts all over again.

Question 33

What organelle does cellular respiration take place in?

Answer 33

Mitochondrion

Question 34

What Organism does cellular respiration take place in?

Answer 34

nearly all living things

Question 35

C6H12 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy(ATP)

Answer 35

cellular respiration

Question 36

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

Answer 36

to convert chemical energy in food (glucose) to chemical energy stored in ATP

Question 37

-oxygen is available -goes through citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and Electron Transport Chain -36-38 ATP

Answer 37

Aerobic Respiration

Question 38

-Oxygen is not available -goes through Fermentation (2 types) Lactic acid and Alcohol Fermentation -2-4 ATP

Answer 38

Anaerobic Respiration

Question 39

What are the 2 types of fermentation?

Answer 39

Lactic acid and Alcohol Fermentation

Question 40

What organisms perform Lactic Acid Fermentation?

Answer 40

occurs in some bacteria and animal cells (muscles)

Question 41

What organisms perform Alcohol Fermentation?

Answer 41

occurs in yeast

Question 42

Why is ATP important?

Answer 42

the primary energy source for important biological functions

Question 43

How is energy released from an ATP molecule?

Answer 43

When one phosphate group is removed

Question 44

What is the order of Cellular Respiration?

Answer 44

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport chain