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MT 1 notes > Mt 4 World History > Flashcards

Mt 4 World History Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

the process of transforming the economy of a nation or region from a focus on agriculture to a reliance on manufacturing

A

Industrialization

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2
Q

a sudden, violent, and unlawful seizure of power from a government
-Napoleon Boneparte
-seizure of power

A

Coup d’état

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3
Q

the tools, machines, and buildings used to produce goods and services

A

Capital

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4
Q

the idea that all citizens, even the most powerful, are subject to the law

A

Rule of Law

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5
Q

favoring the maintenance of existing institutions and traditional values

A

Conservative

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6
Q

complete control by one firm of the production and/or the supply of a good

A

Monopoly

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7
Q

seizure of government by people who will replace the exiting political system

A

Political Revolution

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8
Q

spanish born settlers

A

Peninsulares

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9
Q

capitalists saw the potential profits to be made by investing in factories and machinery. Their money helped boost industrialization. The more money capitalists invested the more larger business grew.

A

Capitalism

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10
Q

they have power over themselves; their government is under their own control, rather than under the control of an outside authority

A

Sovereign

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11
Q

an approach to warfare that relies on mobility, hit-and-run tactics, and the element of surprise to harass a larger, stronger opponent

A

Guerrilla Warefare

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12
Q

the growth of cities

A

Urbanization

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13
Q

the key principles of rule by consent of the governed and sovereignty of the people

A

Republicanism

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14
Q

extreme pride or patriotism for one’s country

A

Nationalism

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15
Q

a political theory that advocates ownership of the means of production, such as factories and farms, by the people rather than by capitalists and landowners

A

Socialism

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16
Q

a violent period at the end of the French Revolution in which the monarchy was replaced by a republic

A

Reign of Terror

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17
Q

landowners enclosed their land with fences/hedges to make boundaries

A

Enclosure

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18
Q

based on prejudices related to radical differences

A

Racist

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19
Q

a policy in which a state takes political and economic control of areas beyond its borders

A

Imperialism

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20
Q

favoring individual political and economic freedom, with limits on state power

A

Liberal

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21
Q

parts that can be swapped for one another in the assembling of a product, because they have been precisely cut and shaped to be identical

A

Interchangeable Parts

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22
Q

groups of workers who organized to protect the interest of its members

A

Labor Union

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23
Q

an area within one country that is administered by another, usually conceded by a weaker country to a stronger one

A

Concessions

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24
Q

indirect political or economic influence

A

Hegemony

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25
a form of protest in which workers refuse to work
Strike
26
the high-volume, low-cost manufacture of identical items through the use of specialization and interchangeable parts
Mass Production
27
-wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
28
-French army commander -seized control in a coup d etat -was a dictator -kept ideas of revolution -created French empire -created popular sovereignty
Napoleon Boneparte
29
-Italian -contributed to the Italian unification and the creation of the kingdom of Italy -led his army known as the "thousand" into southern Italy
Giuseppe Garibaldi
30
-invented the mechanical reaper -used to cut crops
Cyrus McCormick
31
-Chief of military -led troops to New Jersey to escape across the Delaware River -Then to Trenton, New Jersey
George Washington
32
-German Prime Minister -adopted the goal of national unification -he persuaded southern and northern German states to unite -believed that it could only be achieved by "blood and Iron"
Otto Von Bismarck
33
invented the spinning Jenny, which allows for one person to spin dozens of threads at once
James Hargreaves
34
-was beheaded during the French Revolution by the National Assembly
Louis XVI
35
invented the flying shuttle, an automotive weaving process
John Kay
36
-came up with the interchangeable parts -invented the cotton gin
Eli Whitney
37
the legislative body in France until 1789, representing all 3 estates
Estates General
38
-The liberator -wanted to liberate Peru -defeated remaining royalists -renamed Bolivia
Simón Bolívar
39
-created ford -which was also the first car -American
Henry Ford
40
What events led up to the American Revolution?
Great Britain began to tax the colonists after the war against France. Americans were upset because they thought they shouldn't have to pay taxes for a war that was not taking place in America. -Stamp Act -Boston Tea Party -Intolerabel Acts
41
What events allowed the colonists to create a new country?
-American Revolution against Great Britain -The Declaration of Independence
42
How was the new American government radically different from the British government?
-Had a constitution that protected individuals rights -Had a republic with a separation of powers
43
What events led up to the French Revolution?
-a mob destroyed the Bastille -was a broad-based war about class divisions powered by enlightenment ideas
44
How was the new French government different from the old French government?
-got rid of a monarchy and established a republic
45
What was the unification of both Italy and Germany?
They both overcame regional differences and foreign influence
46
Where did revolutions take place in Latin America?
-haiti -Rio de la Plata -New Granada -Peru -Mexico -Brazil All started from the creoles
47
What was the Meiji Restoration?
-They wrote a constitution and set up a representative government -improved technology, education, and economy
48
What is the Boxer Rebellion?
-Boxer peasants wanting to end European abuse -The Manchu's backed them up -created a better military, industry- but not enough
49
What are 5 reasons to why industrialization started in Great Britain?
-Political stability -Labor -Banking System -Raw Materials -Transportation System
50
How did the locomotive help industrialization?
The steam engine resulted in the creation of semi-automated factories, and it increased goods production in places where water power was not available
51
Domestic vs. Factory system:
Domestic: -produced good in a home -countryside -textile merchants buy wool from the farmer, delivered it to a household in the country, the family spun it and wove it into cloth, then the merchant would send it to textile markets Factory: -gathered workers and provided them with tools -gave different workers different tasks based on skill -allowed for mass production
52
How did the Industrial Revolution indirectly led to the agricultural revolution?
creating a demand for increased food production to feed growing urban populations and by providing new technologies and infrastructure that could be adapted for agricultural use
53
How did the enclosure movement affect the population of Europe?
-they were left without land to cultivate, because of economic downturns or expense of fencing, so they sold it to wealthier farmers -some became wage laborers, others went to manufacturing in their homes, many became landless/unemployed -ended traditional lands rights of peasants
54
What are some details about the working conditions in factories during the late 19th century?
-very dangerous -low wages -unsanitary -long hours
55
How were women and children treated in the workforce during this time?
-performed unskilled labor -women wove cloth -"factory girls" -children worked to bring income with parents -at least one child died each day
56
What are reasons to why western powers wanted to imperialize?
access to raw materials and markets to fuel their industrial economies, as well as to gain political power and prestige through territorial expansion
57
What did Rudyard Kipling's poem "White Man's Burden imply?
it is the responsibility, or 'burden,' of white imperialists to manage and civilize non-white indigenous populations
58
What was the "scramble for Africa"?
-the first one taken was Egypt by Great Britain because of the Suez Canal because it shorten the trip to get to Eastern countries -France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Portugal/Spain
59
Name the only two African countries not taken over by Europeans.
Ethiopia and Liberia
60
How did the Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary keep Europeans out of Latin America?
-The Monroe Doctrine kept Europeans from controlling any Latin American nations -The Roosevelt Corollary added on to the Monroe Doctrine and it declared that the U.S would police unstable Latin American debtor nations
61
Positive and negative impacts of imperialism?
Pros: -introduced education, technology, languages, and dress codes -Print technology -built railroads -brought religious beliefs to new territories Cons: -many africans were killed -still had plantations -stopped encouraging colonies to industrialize -led to international tension
62
divide a region into separate political parts
Partitioned
63
large-scale transportation, communication, and other systems that support economic activity
Infrastructure
64
people are the source of political power
Popular Sovereignty
65
the idea that the free market, through supply and demand, will regulate itself, and that the government should not interfere in this process
Laissez-Faire

MT 1 notes (20 decks)

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