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MT 1 notes > MT 6 World History > Flashcards

MT 6 World History Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

someone who demands that people obey completely and refuses to allow them freedom to act as they wish

A

Authoritarian

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2
Q

a governing system in which a ruling elite holds all power and controls all aspects of society, allowing no opposition, and often maintaining power with the use of terror and secret police

A

Totalitarian

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3
Q

an economic system in which the government makes the decision about what and how much will be produced

A

Command Economy

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4
Q

in Spanish a military or political leader

A

Caudillo

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5
Q

small sections of the city that could be walled off and guarded
-where the Jews were sent at the beginning of the final solution

A

Ghetto

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6
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

A

NATO

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7
Q

a government ruled by a dictator

A

Dictatorships

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8
Q

the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information

A

Censored

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9
Q

-Benito Mussolini
-means the leader

A

Il Duce

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10
Q

an effort to eliminate anyone and everyone who might be enemies of the people
-under the control of Joseph Stalin

A

Great Purge

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11
Q

-there were two trials Germany, Tokyo
-Germany: 22 defendants charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity
-Tokyo: 25 found guilty, trial lasted 2 years

A

War Crimes

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12
Q

-a military alliance established in 1955 between the Soviet Union and seven other communist states in Eastern Europe

A

Warsaw Pact

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13
Q

a political philosophy or totalitarian system marked by strong central authority that places the nation, and often a race, above individual right and freedoms

A

Fascism

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14
Q

a sudden and forceful seizure of governmental power by a small group, typically within the military or other state apparatus

A

Coup

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15
Q

-Adolf Hitler
-means the leader

A

Der Führer

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16
Q

was a vast network of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union

A

Gulag

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17
Q

an extremely powerful nation that is most dominant over the others in military, economics, and politics
-US and USSR

A

Superpower

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18
Q

-a fight between US and USSR
-both countries developed nuclear and hydrogen bombs and long range weapons

A

Arms Race

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19
Q

making concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid conflict

A

Appeasement

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20
Q

-A German soldier during WWII

A

Nazi

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21
Q

-Hitler’s book that he writes in prison
-means my struggle
-includes talks about anti-semitism, anti-communist, and lebensraum

A

Mein Kampf

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22
Q

a measure, often involving suspension of diplomatic or economic relations, taken by a nation or group of nations against another nation to pressure it to change its behavior

A

Sanctions

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23
Q

the ideological barrier that divided the East and Western Europe during the Cold War
-Democracy vs. Communism

A

Iron Curtain

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24
Q

-set higher targets for both agriculture and industry
-farmers were forced to work on large rural projects and create their own backed industries to produce steel and other goods
-largest famine in human history

A

Great Leap Forward

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25
the systematic killing of racial, ethnic, religious, political, or cultural group
Genocide
26
information that is purposely spread without regard to its accuracy in order to gain support for a cause or to damage it
Propaganda
27
-the night of broken glass -Nov 9, 1938 -Nazis set fire to 267 synagogues and vandalized Jewish stores/property -100 Jews murdered, many men, women, and children sent to concentration camps
Kristallnacht
28
-"living room" -was listed in Hitlers book Mein Kampf -refers to a concept of territorial expansionism and nationalism that gained prominence in Germany
Lebensraum
29
U.S. gave monetary aid to Western European countries -named after secretary of state George Marshall -gave a total of $13 billion
Marshall Plan
30
if one asian country falls to communism the rest will fall
Domino Theory
31
-Dictator of Germany -was appointed Chancellor by the people because they thought as long as their economy was doing good then they could just impeach him after four years
Adolf Hitler
32
-German soldiers sent by Hitler to attack Jews and were backed up by the police
Brownshirts
33
-came up with the Manhattan Project -provided military aid to Great Britain -was part of initiating the production of atomic bombs
Franklin Roosevelt
34
-led the third army -U.S. officer -achieving notable victories and earning a reputation for bold, aggressive leadership
George Patton
35
-Italian leader -was a war veteran and former socialist -led one of the anti-socialist groups -editor for socialist papers before the war
Benito Mussolini
36
-the man who was running against Joseph Stalin -Later was killed by Stalins men
Leon Trosky
37
-served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe -34th president of the U.S.
Dwight Eisenhower
38
-Chinese -created the "Great Leap Forward" -which led to a large famine -also caused for a cultural revolution
Mao Zednog
39
-Spanish -declared Spains neutrality during the war -opened its ports to German submarines
Francisco Franco
40
-British Prime Minister - is primarily known for his policy of appeasement towards Nazi German -signed the Munich Agreement
Neville Chamberlin
41
-American general -helped the allied powers against Japan -also helped defend the Philippines -huge role in Korea proxy war
Douglas MacArthur
42
founded and led the Viet Minh, a Vietnamese nationalist movement, to fight against the Japanese occupation of Indochina
Ho Chi Minh
43
-dictator of Russia -wanted to spread communism -red army
Joseph Stalin
44
-Great Britain Prime Minister -led Britain to a victory against the axis powers
Winston Churchill
45
-U.S. president -created the Truman Doctrine
Harry Truman
46
-Key player in the Cuban proxy war -led a communist revolution -became a soviet ally
Fidel Castro
47
What happened to many European economies after World War I?
some countries made strides in recovery, others faced widespread economic hardships, including hyperinflation, debt, and social unrest
48
What is the historical meaning of fasces?
a symbol that showed official authority, governmental power, and unity
49
List steps of how Mussolini took complete control of Italy.
-his party helped stop strikes -took 25,000 black shirts to Rome to crush it -was crowned Prime Minister -reshaped Italy into a totalitarian state
50
Why did the Catholic Church support Mussolini and the fascists?
-He made it the state religion -he encouraged many catholic practices -granted them sovereignty -lowered taxes to those who accepted him
51
How did the German Mark become worthless?
due to a large inflation from printing too much money -one mark was valued as 1,000,000
52
List steps of how Hitler took complete control of Germany.
-he destroyed the Reichstag building and blamed it on the Jews -Final Solution: started by putting Jews in ghettos, then remove foreign Jews with death marches, then put them all in concentration camps -lots of brain washing to make the Jews seem inhuman -continued to have a good economy
53
Describe the Spanish Civil War?
-led by Miguel Rivera, who was backed by conservatives and the army -took control of Morocco -Spain sent troops which caused for a long costly war -riots and disorder throughout Spain -nationalist win-Franco becomes dictator
54
List steps of how Stalin took complete control of the USSR.
-was general secretary and controlled appointments, promotions and purges -after Lenin's death he appointed himself leader -Ousted Leon Trotsky and later on murdered him
55
What were Stalin’s Five-Year Plans?
-return war communism -agriculture and industrial production was down -producing goods for the people -weapon production -reign of Terror/great purge
56
List appeasements made by Great Britain/France to Germany.
-The Munich agreement that caused German to annex Sudetenland -cade concessions to Adolf Hitlers territorial demands to avoid war -Anschluss: annexation "political union" of Austria
57
Describe Germany’s Blitzkrieg.
-lightening war -first started with airplanes bombing onto Poland to destroy airways, railroads, communications -second was to send tanks to break through weak points in enemy lines -Third was to send foot soldiers to surround and trap remaining forces
58
Explain the Battle of Britain.
-Hitler chose to attack by air because of Britain's strong Navy -started to bomb lower Britain cities -unsuccessful and gave RAF time to recover, downed more than 1,700 German aircrafts -Britain bombed Berlin, Blitz, and German's didn't have enough time to recover -resulting in Britain win
59
How did the United States help the Allies in World War II before the Pearl Harbor attack?
-provided lots of Military aid through the land lease act
60
When and why did the United States go to aid the Allies in World War II?
-December 7, 1941 -when Pearl Harbor was bombed by Japanese forces
61
What was the Axis’ theory on the control of oil fields?
acquiring and controlling key oil fields to secure their war efforts
62
Explain D-Day.
-June 6th, 1944 -the day allied forces invaded France to free it from Nazi rule and eventually defeat Germany
63
Describe the Holocaust.
-the systematic, state sponsored, persecution and murder of Jews by nazis -when Jews were sent to concentration camps -had to march victims without food or clothing west and shot those who fell behind -many died of exhaustion, cold, hunger
64
What is V-E Day? V-J Day?
-V-E Day: May 8th, 1945; when the war in Europe officially ended -V-J Day: August 14, 1945; American Victory over Japan
65
How did the war with Japan finally end?
-after America dropped two atomic bombs one in Hiroshima, the other in Nagasaki -Japan's formal surrender on September 2, 1945, aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay
66
Explain the Nuremberg Trials.
-took place in Germany -chief prosecutors from U.S., Russia, Great Britain, and France -22 defendants all plead not guilty at first -12 were condemned to death, 7 in prison, 3 acquitted -all were charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity
67
What was the Cold War?
-March 12, 1947 -triggered by Russia and US differences
68
Explain why the United States and Soviet Union were at odds with each other after World War II.
-US wanted democracy spread around -SU wanted communism -both competed in military race, arms race, and space race -Proxy wars were held, US attempts to get rid of Soviet Communism
69
Describe the United States’ policy of containment.
a key strategy during the Cold War aimed at preventing the spread of communism and limiting Soviet influence
70
How was Germany split up after World WarII?
Germany was divided into four occupation zones, controlled by the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union
71
List changes Mao Zedong made to the new communist China?
land reforms, collectivization of agriculture, industrialization campaigns, and social transformations, aimed at building a socialist state
72
What were the results of the Korean, Vietnam, Cuban revolutions or civil wars?
-Korean: split into a north and south, communist north and democratic south -Vietnam: US was not successful, pulled troops in 1970's, Vietnam continued to be a communist state -Cuba: was supported by Soviet Union, a negotiated resolution that avoided a nuclear war, still communist
73
what is Mein Kampf? (Cause and effect)
-Book written by Adolf Hitler, he wrote it durning his time in prison -he shared his ideological beliefs of anti-semitism, anti-communism, and lebensraum -blamed Germany's problems on primarily the Jews -caused the spread of Nazi ideology -helped his Nazi party to rise to power
74
What is the Domino Theory? (Cause and Effect)

MT 1 notes (20 decks)

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