Multi-store Model of Memory

Question 1

● What is the capacity of LTM?

Answer 1

Unlimited

Question 2

● What is the sensory register?

Answer 2

The first memory store for environmental stimuli

Question 3

▲ Why is MSM considered a structural model?

Answer 3

It shows distinct memory stores

Question 4

▲ What kind of memory is described as active in WMM?

Answer 4

STM

Question 5

✪ How does Baddeley’s coding research support the idea of separate stores in the MSM?

Answer 5

Participants confused acoustically similar words in STM and semantically similar words in LTM, showing different coding types.

Question 6

▲ What type of rehearsal is needed for LTM transfer?

Answer 6

Elaborative rehearsal

Question 7

● How are STM and LTM described in the MSM?

Answer 7

Separate unitary stores

Question 8

● What does MSM stand for?

Answer 8

Multi-store model

Question 9

● What model views memory as passive?

Answer 9

Multi-store model

Question 10

● How does information flow in the MSM?

Answer 10

In a linear way

Question 11

● What increases internal validity in Baddeley’s study?

Answer 11

Control over extraneous variables

Question 12

✪ Why is prolonged rehearsal considered a limitation of the MSM?

Answer 12

It oversimplifies memory transfer, as some unrehearsed events are remembered and some rehearsed ones are not.

Question 13

● What is the duration of LTM?

Answer 13

Potentially a lifetime

Question 14

✪ How does elaborative rehearsal challenge the MSM’s idea of memory transfer?

Answer 14

MSM states rehearsal transfers info, but research shows meaning-based rehearsal (elaborative) is more effective.

Question 15

● What leads to transfer from STM to LTM in the MSM?

Answer 15

Rehearsal

Question 16

▲ What makes STM and LTM unitary stores in MSM?

Answer 16

They are structurally distinct

Question 17

● What is the capacity of STM?

Answer 17

7 ± 2 items

Question 18

✪ Why might research supporting MSM have low ecological validity?

Answer 18

Studies often use artificial tasks like word lists, not reflecting real-life memory use.

Question 19

● What type of coding does STM use?

Answer 19

Acoustic

Question 20

● What type of coding does LTM use?

Answer 20

Semantic

Question 21

● What case study supports the MSM?

Answer 21

Clive Wearing

Question 22

✪ Why is the MSM flawed in explaining transfer to LTM?

Answer 22

Because it doesn’t account for meaningful events or emotions that lead to strong memories without rehearsal.

Question 23

✪ How does the structural nature of MSM limit its explanation of memory?

Answer 23

It doesn’t explain interaction between stores or active processing, making it overly simplistic.

Question 24

▲ How does elaborative rehearsal improve recall?

Answer 24

By giving meaning to information

Question 25

▲ Why does STM failure explain Clive Wearing’s condition?

Answer 25

Information isn’t transferred to LTM

Question 26

● Who developed the multi-store model of memory?

Answer 26

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 27

▲ Why does Clive Wearing support the MSM?

Answer 27

He cannot transfer information from STM to LTM

Question 28

▲ What happens if information isn't rehearsed in MSM?

Answer 28

It decays

Question 29

▲ What explains remembering emotional events without rehearsal?

Answer 29

MSM is too simplistic

Question 30

● What is the duration of STM?

Answer 30

18–30 seconds

Question 31

▲ What does Baddeley's research suggest about STM and LTM?

Answer 31

They use different types of coding

Question 32

✪ How does the passive nature of MSM limit its real-world application?

Answer 32

Real memory often involves active processing, which MSM doesn’t account for.

Question 33

✪ Why does research into coding increase the validity of MSM?

Answer 33

It shows STM and LTM use different coding, supporting the idea of separate stores.

Question 34

✪ What does the Clive Wearing case suggest about the linear flow of memory in MSM?

Answer 34

His inability to transfer STM to LTM supports a linear progression of information through stores.

Question 35

✪ Why does the case study of Clive Wearing have low population validity, and how does this affect support for the MSM?

Answer 35

It involved one person with an unusual brain condition, making generalisation difficult and reducing the model’s external validity.