Muscles And Skeletons

Question 1

How many bones in the human skeleton?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

What do most bones contain?

Answer 2

Most bones are hollow & contain marrow making them light and strong.
Bones are a mix of living tissue and non living material.
Living tissue contains cells and collagen fibres making bones flexible.
Non living material is mineral salts like calcium and phosphate to harden the bones

Question 3

What are the functions of bones?

Answer 3

1 support the body so it can stand upright
2 protect main organs including brain, heart and lungs
3 allow movement with help of muscles
4 help blood production as blood is formed in the marrow

Question 4

What are joints?

Answer 4

The place where two bones meet

Question 5

Name and explain the three types of joint?

Answer 5

1 Fixed joints- no movement although bones meet e.g. Skull
2 hinge joints - bones move in one direction only eg elbow, knee
3 ball and socket joints - bones move and swivel in any direction e.g. Hip, shoulder

Question 6

What are the parts of the joint

Answer 6

Cartilage
Ligament
Tendon
Synovial fluid.

Question 7

What is cartilage?

Answer 7

A tough smooth substance covering bone at movable joints.
Helps reduce friction to bones wearing away
Acts as a shock absorber

Question 8

What are ligaments?

Answer 8

Smooth, flexible material that holds bones together at movable joints

Question 9

What are tendons?

Answer 9

They attach muscles to bones and transmit the pull of the muscle to the bone

Question 10

What is Synovial fluid

Answer 10

Lubricates the joints and reduces friction

Question 11

How do bones and muscles move the body?

Answer 11

Muscles move bones at joints
Muscles cannot push.
Joints need pairs of muscles - antagonistic pairs -to pull in opposite directions.
One muscle contracts, getting shorter and fatter to pull a bone. At same time the other muscle relaxes and gets longer and thinner
Exercise strengthens bones and muscles.
Too much exercise can damage muscles and joints.