Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Anatomy > Muscles of the Body > Flashcards

Muscles of the Body Flashcards

(96 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression

A

Located in face and scalp; Produce facial movements
Insert into skin
Innervated by cranial nerve VII- Facial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Muscles of Tongue

A

Extrinsic muscles- Move laterally, anteriorly, and posteriorly
Intrinsic muscles- Produce shape of tongue
Innervated by cranial nerve XII- Hypoglossal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

Produce chewing
Jaw closure- Masseter and temporalis
Lateral jaw movements- Pterygoid muscles
Compress cheeks- Buccinator
Innervated by cranial nerve V- Trigeminal Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Masseter

A

Origin- Maxilla and Zygomatic Process
Insertion- Lateral angle and ramus of mandible
Function- Close jaw
Innervation- Trigeminal Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin- Temporal Fossa
Insertion- Coronoid process and ramus of mandible
Function- Close jaw
Innervation- Trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Buccinator

A

Origin- Alveolar margins
Insertion- Orbicularis oris
Function- Compress cheeks
Innervation- Facial Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Muscles of Anterior Neck

A

Divided into sections based on the sternocleidomastoid and hyoid bone
Anterior triangle- Participate in swallowing; divided into suprahyoid and infrahyoid
Pharyngeal constrictors- force food into esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muscles of head movement

A

Anterior-
Sternocleidomastoid- Flex and laterally rotate head to opposite side
Scalenes- Elevate ribs 1&2 and assist in flexion and rotation of neck
Posterior-
Splenius capititis and Splenius cervicis- Extend and rotate head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Deep muscles of the back

A

Responsible for trunk extension and maintaining spinal curves
Form column from sacrum to skull
Erector Spinae Group
Semispinalis- Extend and lateral rotation of vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Erector Spinae Muscles

A

Iliocostalis- Lateral
Lumborum, Thoracis, and Cervicis
Longissimus- Intermediate
Thoracis, Cervicis, and Capitis
Spinalis- Medial
Thoracis, Cervicis, and Capitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Muscles Involved in Breathing

A

External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

External Intercostals

A

Run oblique and inferior from superior to inferior border of ribs
Elevate rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Internal intercostals

A

Run inferior and posterior from superior to inferior border of ribs
Depress rib cage in forced exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diaphragm

A

Umbrella shaped muscle that divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Moves down and flattens during contraction and inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Muscles of the Abdominal wall

A

External Obliques
Internal Obliques
Transversus Abdominus
Rectus Abdominus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

External Obliques

A

Superficial abdominal wall muscle
Fascicles run down and medial
Support and compress abdomen; Trunk flexion and lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Internal obliques

A

Middle abdominal wall muscle
Fascicles run down and lateral
Support and compress abdomen; Trunk flexion and lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Transversus Abdominis

A

Deep abdominal wall muscles
Fascicles run horizontally
Compress abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Traditional ab muscles
Run from pubis to rib cage
Anterior vertebral flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anterior Thorax Muscles

A

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Posterior Thorax Muscles

A

Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid major and minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin- Clavicle, Sternum, and costal cartilage
Insertion- Lateral intertubercular groove
Function- Medial rotation and adduction of arm; arm flexion
Innervation- Pectoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Origin- Ribs 3-5
Insertion- Coracoid process
Function- Protract and rotate scapula downward, elevate ribs
Innervation- Pectoral nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin- Ribs 1-8
Insertion- Costal medial scapular border
Function- Abduct and laterally rotate scapula downward
Innervation- Long thoracic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Trapezius
Origin- Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7-T12 Insertion- Acromion, scapular spine, and clavicle Function- Elevate, depress, adduct, and laterally rotate scapula up Innervation- Spinal accessory nerve
26
Levator Scapulae
Origin- Transverse process C1-C4 Insertion- Upper medial scapular border Function- Elevate scapula and depress glenoid cavity Innervation- Cervical and dorsal scapular nerves
27
Rhomboid major
Origin- Spinous process T2-T5 Insertion- Medial border of scapula Function- Elevate, adduct, and medially rotate scapula Innervation- Dorsal scapular nerve
28
Rhomboid minor
Origin- Ligamentum nuchae, C7 + T1 spinous processes Insertion- Medial border of scapula Function- Elevate, adduct, and medially rotate scapula Innervation- Dorsal scapular nerve
29
Muscles that produce movement of the arm
Pectoralis major Deltoid Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Rotator Cuff
30
Rotator Cuff
All muscles function to stabilize the shoulder joint Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
31
Deltoid
Prime mover of arm abduction Functions- Abduct, flex, extend, and rotate arm Function depends on what fibers are active Insert into deltoid tuberosity Innervated by axillary nerve
32
Latissimus dorsi
Origin- Posterior iliac crest, spinous process L5-T7, ribs 8-12 Insertion- Intertubercular groove Function- Extend, adduct, and medially rotate arm Innervation- Thoracodorsal nerve
33
Teres major
Origin- Posterior inferior angle and lower lateral border of scapula Insertion- Intertubercular groove Function- Adducts, medially rotates, and extends arm Innervation- Lower subscapular nerve
34
Supraspinatus
Abducts and laterally rotates arm Part of rotator cuff
35
Infraspinatus
Laterally rotate arm Part of rotator cuff
36
Teres minor
Adduct and laterally rotate arm Part of rotator cuff
37
Subscapularis
Medially rotates arm Part of rotator cuff
38
Muscles crossing the elbow
Anterior: Biceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Posterior: Triceps Brachii Aconeus
39
Biceps Brachii
Origins- Supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process Insertion- Radial tuberosity Function- Flex forearm, supinate forearm, assist shoulder flexion Innervation- Musculocutaneous nerve
40
Brachialis
Origin- Distal anterior humerus Insertion- Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process Function- Elbow flexion Innervation- Musculocutaneous nerve
41
Brachioradialis
Origin- Lateral supracondylar ridge Insertion- Styloid process of radius Function- Flex forearm (advantage when pronated) Innervation- Deep radial nerve
42
Triceps Brachii
Origins- Infraglenoid Tubercle, posterior humerus Insertion- Olecranon process Function- Extend forearm, weak shoulder extension Innervation- Radial nerve
43
Anconeus
Assist pronation and elbow extension
44
Characteristics of Anterior Forearm Muscles
Flexors of wrist, hand, and fingers Innervated by Median and Ulnar nerves Originate from Common Flexor tendon on medial epicondyle of humerus
45
Superficial Anterior Forearm Muscles
Pronator teres- Proximal pronator muscle Palmaris longus- Assists wrist flexion Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis
46
Deep Anterior Forearm Muscles
Flexor pollicis longus- Flex thumb Flexor digitorum profundus- Flex distal interphalangeal joints Pronator quadratus- Distal pronator muscle
47
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin- Common Flexor Tendon Insertion- Base of metacarpals 2&3 Function- Flex and abduct wrists Innervation- Medial nerve
48
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin- Common Flexor Tendon Insertion- Pisiform, Hamate, and Metacarpal 5 Function- Flex and adduct wrist Innervation- Ulnar nerve
49
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin- Common flexor tendon Insertion- Middle phalanx of digits 2-5 (ends in loop) Function- Flex proximal interphalangeal joints; assist flexion of wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints Innervation- Median nerve
50
Posterior Forearmarm Muscles Characteristics
Extensors Innervated by radial nerve Common extensor tendon- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
51
Superficial Posterior Forearm Muscles
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
52
Deep Posterior Forearm Muscles
Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Longus and Brevis Extensor Indicis Supinator
53
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin- Distal Humerus Insertion- Metacarpal 2 Function- Extend and abduct wrist Innervation- Radial nerve
54
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin- Common extensor tendon Insertion- Metacarpal 3 Function- Extend and abduct wrist Innervation- Radial nerve
55
Extensor Digitorum
Origin- Common extensor tendon Insertion- Dorsum of digits 2-5 Function- Extends interphalangeal joints and metacarpophalangeal joints of digits 2-5; assists wrist extension Innervation- Radial nerve
56
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin- Common extensor tendon Insertion- Metacarpal 5 Function- Extend and adducts wrist Innervation- Radial nerve
57
Supinator
Origin- Lateral epicondyle, Radial collateral ligament, ulna Insertion- Superior lateral radius Function- Supinate forearm Innervation- Radial nerve
58
Intrinsic Hand Muscle Groups
Thenar muscles- Ball of thumb Hypothenar muscles- Digit 5 Midpalmar muscles- Lumbricals, Interossei
59
Thenar muscles
Innervated by median nerve Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Adductor pollicis
60
Hypothenar muscles
Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi
61
Lumbricals
Extend metacarpophalangeal joints
62
Palmar interossei
Adduct fingers toward midline of hand
63
Dorsal interossei
Abduct fingers away from midline of hand
64
Anterior Thigh Muscles
Flex Leg and Extend Kne; Innervated by femoral nerve Iliopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae
65
Iliopsoas
Iliacus and Psoas Muscles Origin- T12-L5, Superior Iliac fossa and sacrum Insertion- Lesser trochanter Function- Flex femur and trunk Innervation- Femoral nerve
66
Sartorius
Origin- Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion- Medial tibia Function- Flex hip and knee, laterally rotate thigh Innervation- Femoral nerve
67
Quadriceps Femoris
Primary knee extensors Share common insertion at quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedialis, and Vastus Medialis
68
Rectus Femoris
Origin- Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Function- Flex thigh and extend knee
69
Vastus Lateralis
Origin- Greater trochanter Function- Extend knee
70
Vastus Intermedialis
Origin- Intertrochanteric line Function- Extend knee
71
Vastus Medialis
Origin- Anterior and lateral femur Function- Extend knee
72
Medial Thigh Muscles
Responsible for Adduction Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Pectineus Gracilis
73
Posterior Thigh Muscles
Extend thigh and flex knee Gluteal Muscles (Maximus, medius, minimus) Lateral Rotators Hamstrings
74
Gluteus Maximus
Origin- Ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligaments Insertion- Gluteal tuberosity Functions- Extend and laterally rotate hip Innervation- Inferior gluteal nerve
75
Gluteus Medius
Origin- Posterior Ilium Insertion- Lateral greater trochanter Function- Abducts and medially rotates thigh; stabilizes hip Innervation- Superior gluteal nerve
76
Lateral rotators
Piriformis Obturator externus and internus Superior and Interior gemellus Quadratus femoris
77
Hamstrings Muscles
Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
78
Biceps Femoris
Origin- Ischial tuberosity and supracondylar line Insertion- Fibular head and lateral condyle of femur Function- Flex and laterally rotate knee; weak hip extension Innervation- Tibial nerve
79
Semimembranosus
Origin- Ischial tuberosity Insertion- Posterior medial condyle of tibia Function- Extend hip, flex and medially rotate knee Insertion- Tibial nerve
80
Semitendinosus
Origin- Ischial tuberosity Insertion- Medial tibia Function- Extend hip, flex and medially rotate knee Innervation- Tibial nerve
81
Anterior Leg Muscles
Dorsiflexors Innervated by Deep Fibular Nerve Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Fibularis Tertius- Help with eversion (if present)
82
Tibialis Anterior
Origin- Lateral condyle and shaft of tibia Insertion- Medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1 Function- Dorsiflexion and inversion
83
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin- Tibial lateral condyle and anterior fibula Insertion- Digits 2-5 Function- Extend all toe joints 2-5, assist dorsiflexion
84
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin- Anterior fibula Insertion- Distal phalanx of digit 1 Function- Extend all joints of digit 1 and assist dorsiflextion
85
Lateral Muscles of the Leg
Fibularis Brevis Fibularis Longus Origin- Lateral fibular head Insertion- Lateral metatarsal 1 and sole of medial cuneiform Function- Eversion and assist plantar flexion Innervation- Superficial fibular nerve
86
Posterior Muscles of the Leg
Plantar Flexors Innervated by the Tibial Nerve Superficial: Triceps Surae (Gastrocnemius and soleus) Plantaris- Assist plantar flexion Deep: Popliteus- Medially rotate tibia Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus
87
Gastrocnemius
Origin- Medial condyle, lateral condyle, and posterior femur Insertion- Calcaneal tendon Function- Plantar flexion and assist knee flexion Innervation- Tibial nerve
88
Soleus
Origin- Proximal posterior fiblula Insertion- Calcaneal tendon Function- Plantar flexion Innervation- Tibial nerve
89
Tibialis Posterior
Origin- Posterior tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane Insertion- Navicular, cuneiforms, and base of metatarsals 2-4 Function- Inversion and plantar flexion Innervation- Tibial nerve
90
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Origin- Posterior tibia Insertion- Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5 Function- Flex all joints of digits 2-5, assist plantar flexion Innervation- Tibial Nerve
91
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Origin- Posterior fibula Insertion- Base of distal phalanx of digit 1 Function- Flex all joints of digit 1 and assist plantar flexion Innervation- Tibial nerve
92
Intrinsic Foot Muscles
Function to move toes and maintain arches 4 layers on sole side Extensor Digitorum Brevis on dorsal side
93
1st layer of sole muscles
Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor hallucis Abductor digiti minimi
94
2nd layer of sole muscles
Flexor accessorius- Attach to flexor digitorum longus tendon Lumbricals- flex metatarsophalangeal joints
95
3rd layer of sole muscles
Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis
96
4th layer of sole muscles
Plantar interossei- Adduct toes toward midline of foot Dorsal interossei- Abduct toes away from midline of foot

Human Anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions