Chapter 14- Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

Sensory Receptors

Answer 1

Detect internal or external conditions

Question 2

Motor endings

Answer 2

innervate effectors

Question 3

Nerves

Answer 3

Bundles of axons travelling to similar destinations

Question 4

Ganglia

Answer 4

Cluster of cell bodies in the PNS

Question 5

Cranial nerves

Answer 5

Attach to brain and pass through skull foramina
I + II attach to forebrain
III - XII attach to brainstem
Sensory, motor, or mixed

Question 6

Cranial Nerve Names

Answer 6

I- Olfactory
II- Optic
III- Oculomotor
IV- Trochlear
V- Trigeminal
VI- Abducens
VII- Facial
VIII- Vestibulocochlear (Auditory)
IX- Glossopharyngeal Nerve
X- Vagus
XI- Accessory
XII- Hypoglossal

Question 7

Cranial Nerve I

Answer 7

Olfactory Nerve
Sensory
Responsible for sense of smell

Question 8

Cranial Nerve II

Answer 8

Optic Nerve
Sensory
Responsible for Vision

Question 9

Cranial Nerve III

Answer 9

Oculomotor nerve
Motor
Innervate 4 of 6 external eye muscles

Question 10

Cranial Nerve IV

Answer 10

Trochlear Nerve
Motor
Innervates extrinsic eye muscle

Question 11

Cranial Nerve V

Answer 11

Trigeminal Nerve
Mixed
Sensory innervation to face
Motor innervation to chewing muscles

Question 12

Cranial Nerve VI

Answer 12

Abducens
Motor
Abducts eyeball

Question 13

Cranial Nerve VII

Answer 13

Facial Nerve
Mixed
Muscles of facial expression
Some taste and ear sensation

Question 14

Branches of Facial Nerve

Answer 14

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

Question 15

Cranial Nerve VIII

Answer 15

Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Sensory
Responsible for hearing and balance

Question 16

Cranial Nerve IX

Answer 16

Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Mixed
Control tongue and pharynx
Some taste

Question 17

Cranial Nerve X

Answer 17

Vagus Nerve
Mixed
Controls parasympathetic response
Runs throughout thorax and abdomen

Question 18

Cranial Nerve XI

Answer 18

Accessory Nerve
Motor
Innervates neck and back muscles
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Question 19

Cranial Nerve XII

Answer 19

Hypoglossal Nerve
Motor
Controls tongue muscles

Question 20

Spinal Nerves

Answer 20

31 Nerve pairs innervating the body
8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal

Question 21

Spinal nerve naming patterns

Answer 21

Cervical- Share name with vertebrae on top of
Example- C4 (nerve) is between C3+C4 (vertebrae)
Exception- c8, under C7 vertebrae
Other- Share name with vertebrae below
Example- T2 (nerve) is between T2+T3 (vertebrae)

Question 22

Parts of Spinal Nerves

Answer 22

Roots- Connect spinal nerve and spinal cord
Rami- Branch from spinal nerve to innervate body
Dorsal and ventral for each

Question 23

Dorsal root

Answer 23

Sensory fibers and cell bodies for sensory neurons

Question 24

Ventral root

Answer 24

Motor neuron fibers emerging from spinal cord

Question 25

Dorsal rami

Answer 25

Sensory and motor fibers that innervate the posterior torso in neat, segmented patterns

Question 26

Ventral rami

Answer 26

Sensory and motor fibers that innervate the anterolateral torso and limbs Form plexuses

Question 27

Thoracic Innervation

Answer 27

Dorsal and Ventral Rami (T2-T12) follow neat, segmented pattern Ventral rami lead to intercostal nerve, lateral cutaneous, and anterior cutaneous nerves

Question 28

Nerve plexuses

Answer 28

Branching and merging of ventral rami to form a network of new nerves Primarily serve limbs Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, and Sacral

Question 29

Cervical Plexus

Answer 29

Ventral rami of C1-C4 Deep in neck Innervate skin and muscles in anterior neck Phrenic nerve- Innervates Diaphragm

Question 30

Brachial Plexus

Answer 30

Ventral rami of C5-C8 and T1 Lie in neck and axillary regions Form musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, radial, and axillary nerves

Question 31

Nerves of the Lateral cord

Answer 31

Musculocutaneous and Median

Question 32

Nerves of the Medial Cord

Answer 32

Median and Ulnar

Question 33

Nerves of the Posterior Cord

Answer 33

Radial and Axillary

Question 34

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Answer 34

Lateral cord Innervates anterior arm

Question 35

Median Nerve

Answer 35

Lateral and medial cords Innervates anterior forearm and lateral palm (thumb side)

Question 36

Ulnar Nerve

Answer 36

Medial cord Innervates intrinsic hand muscles and medial hand on both sides (Pinky side)

Question 37

Radial nerve

Answer 37

Posterior cord Largest nerve of brachial plexus Innervates posterior upper limb

Question 38

Axillary nerve

Answer 38

Branch of radial nerve (posterior cord) Inntervates deltoid and teres minor

Question 39

Lumbar plexus

Answer 39

Ventral rami of L1-L4 Form femoral and obturator nerves

Question 40

Femoral Nerve

Answer 40

Lumbar plexus Innervates anterior thigh

Question 41

Obturator nerve

Answer 41

Lumbar plexus Innervates medial thigh (adductor muscles)

Question 42

Sacral plexus

Answer 42

Ventral rami of L4-L5 and S1-S4 Forms Sciatic nerve, gluteal nerves, and pudendal nerves

Question 43

Sciatic Nerve

Answer 43

Largest nerve of leg Two nerves in 1 sheath: Tibial nerve Fibular (peroneal) Nerve

Question 44

Tibial nerve

Answer 44

Innervates posterior lower limb

Question 45

Fibular (peroneal) nerve

Answer 45

Innervates anterolateral leg

Question 46

Superior and inferior gluteal nerves

Answer 46

Innervate gluteal muscles

Question 47

Pudendal nerves

Answer 47

Innervate muscles of the perineum

Question 48

Dermatomes

Answer 48

Map of cutaneous innervation by spinal nerve Upper limb- Brachial plexus Anterior lower limb- Lumbar plexus Posterior lower limb- Sacral plexus

Question 49

Flaccid Paralysis

Answer 49

Damage between spinal cord and muscle No contraction

Question 50

Spastic Paralysis

Answer 50

Damage between brain and spinal cord Unconscious and uncontrolled muscle contraction