Musculoskeletal Disorders Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
claw hand
A
ulnar nerve injury
2
Q
ape hand
A
median nerve injury
3
Q
wrist drop
A
radial nerve injury
4
Q
scapular winging
A
long thoracic nerve injury
5
Q
unable to wipe bottom
A
thoracodorsal nerve injury
6
Q
loss of forearm pronation
A
median nerve injury
7
Q
cannot abduct or adduct fingers
A
ulnar nerve injury
8
Q
loss of arm abduction
A
axillary nerve injury
9
Q
weak lateral rotation of arm
A
suprasacpular nerve or axillary nerve injury
10
Q
loss of arm and forearm flexion
A
musculocutaneous nerve injury
11
Q
loss of forearm extension
A
radial nerve injury
12
Q
trouble iniating arm abduction
A
suprascapular nerve injury
13
Q
unable to aduct arm beyond 10 degrees
A
axillary nerve injury
14
Q
unable to raise arm above horizontal
A
long thoracic nerve and accessory nerve injury
15
Q
what nerve is most at risk of injury with fracture of shaft of the humerus
A
radial nerve
16
Q
what nerve is most at risk of injury with fracture of surgical neck of the humerus
A
axillary nerve
17
Q
what nerve is most at risk of injury with fracture of supracondyle of the humerus
A
median nerve
18
Q
what nerve is most at risk of injury with fracture of medial epicondyle
A
ulnar nerve
19
Q
what nerve is most at risk of injury with fracture of anterior shoulder dislocation
A
axillary nerve
20
Q
what nerve is most at risk of injury with injury to the carpal tunnel
A
median nerve
21
Q
most commonly injured knee ligament
A
medial collateral ligament
22
Q
positive lachman test
A
anterior cruciate ligament
23
Q
positive mcmurray test aids in diagnosis
A
meniscal tear
24
Q
common dashboard knee injury in an MVA
A
PCL tear
25
classic symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome
weakness, tingling of thumb, index, and middle fingers, decreased 2-point discrimination, thenar atrophy, possible pain radiating to elbow
26
nerve injured in carpal tunnel syndrome
medial nerve
27
difference between monteggia's fracture and galeazzi's fracture
monteggia is dislocation of radial head with ulnar diaphyseal fracture and galeazzi is dislocation of distal radial ulnar joint with radial diaphyseal fracture
28
fall on outstretched arm with snuffbox tenderness
scaphoid fracture
29
anterior shoulder dislocation complication
axillary nerve/artery injury
30
fracture of fifth-metacarpal neck complication
irrigation and antibiotics (likely bite wound)
31
humerus fracture complication
radial nerve injury
32
hip fracture complication
DVT formation and avascular necrosis
33
femur fracture complication
fat embolism and excessive blood loss
34
tibial fracture complication
compartment syndrome
35
pelvic fracture complication
hemorrhagic shock
36
low back pain with pain increasing with passive straight leg raise
disc herniation
37
low back pain with pain lessening with flexion at the hips
spinal stenosis
38
low back pain with elderly, weight loss, pain constant but worse when supine
cancer
39
low back pain with acute urinary retention
cauda equina syndrome
40
low back pain made worse with walking and standing (AKA pseudoclaudication)
spinal stenosis
41
low back pain with loss of foot dorsiflexion and pain on crossed straight leg raise
disc herniation
42
low back pain with pain limited to the paraspinal region
muscle strain
43
nerve most at risk of injury with fracture of shaft of humerus
radial
44
nerve most at risk of injury with fracture of surgical neck of the humerus
axillary
45
nerve most at risk of injury with fracture of supracondyle of the humerus
median
46
nerve most at risk of injury with fracture of medial epicondyle
ulnar
47
nerve most at risk of injury with anterior shoulder dislocation
axillary
48
nerve most at risk of injury with injury to the carpal tunnel
median
49
scenarios favoring a posterior shoulder dislocation
seizures or electric shock
50
treatment for compartment syndrome
emergent fasciotomy
51
unhappy triad of the knee
ACL, MCL, and medial meniscal tears
52
PTH, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, and serum phosphate in paget's disease
PTH: normal
alk phos: increased
calcium: normal
phosphate: normal
53
PTH, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, and serum phosphate in osteomalacia/rickets
PTH: increased
alk phos: normal or increased
calcium: decreased
phosphate: decreased (due to increased PTH)
54
PTH, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, and serum phosphate in chronic renal failure
PTH: increased
alk phos: normal or increased
calcium: decreased
phosphate: increased (kidneys cannot excrete phosphate)
55
PTH, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, and serum phosphate in osteoporosis
PTH: normal
alk phos: normal
calcium: normal
phosphate: normal
56
PTH, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, and serum phosphate in osteopetrosis
PTH: normal
alk phos: normal
calcium: normal
phosphate: normal
57
PTH, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, and serum phosphate in primary hyperparathyroidism
PTH: increased
alk phos: increased
calcium: increased
phosphate: decreased
58
PTH, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, and serum phosphate in hypoparathyroidism
PTH: decreased
alk phos: normal
calcium: decreased
phosphate: increased
59
PTH, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, and serum phosphate in pseudohypoparathyroidism
PTH: increased
alk phos: ?
calcium: decreased
phosphate: increased
60
what 3 studies can be used to make the diagnosis of osteomyelitis
MRI, bone scan, tagged WBC scan
61
what disease involves arthropathy of DIP and PIP
osteoarthritis
62
what disease involves arthropathy of PIP and MCP
rheumatoid arthritis
63
what disease involves arthropathy of isolated MCP (squared-off bone ends and hook-like osteophytes)
hemochromatosis
64
most common causes of bony metastasis
prostate, lung, breast
65
classic radiological appearance of osteosarcoma
sunburst pattern and codman's triangle
66
treatment for lyme disease
doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cephalosporin
67
treatment for rocky mountain spotted fever
doxycycline or chloramphenicol
68
medications used in treatment of acute gout
NSAIDs (ketorlac), colchicine, steroids
69
medications used in treatment of pseudogout
NSAIDs, colchicine
70
treatment options available to patients with osteoporosis
exercise, calcium, vitamin D, bisphosphonate. pulsatile PTH
71
endocrine causes of osteoporosis
chronic steroid use, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypogonadism
72
diagnosis: knee x-ray reveals calcification of the menisci
pseudogout
73
diagnosis: hats no longer fit, deafness
paget's disease or osteopetrosis
74
diagnosis: needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
gout
75
diagnosis: bone pain/tenderness with elevated WBC, CRP, and ESR
osteomyelitis
76
diagnosis: child with low-trauma fractures
osteogenesis imperfecta
77
diagnosis: narrowing of marrow cavity results in low H&H
osteopetrosis
78
diagnosis: 55 year-old female trips and sustains a distal radius fracture
osteoporosis
79
empiric treatment for septic arthritis
I&D + IV vancomycin
| if suspect gonorrhea, no I&D, ceftriaxone + doxycycline
80
painful limp in child: x-ray reveals femoral head sclerosis
legg-calve-perthes avascular necrosis of the femoral head
81
painful limp in child: x-ray reveals ice-cream scoop (femoral head) falling off of cone (femur)
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
82
painful limp in child: obese, male adolescent with dull hip pain and an inability to bear weight
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
83
painful limp in child: acute onset of tibial pain, fever, malaise, elevated ESR, no joint pain
osteomyelitis
84
painful limp in child: acute onset of knee pain, fever, elevated ESR, and leukocytosis
septic arthritis
85
painful limp in child: 7-year-old with growth delay and inner thigh pain
legg-calve-perthes avascular necrosis of the femoral head
86
painful limp in child: 6-year-old with unilateral hip pain for 5 days, low-grade fever, spontaneous resolution
transient synovitis
87
painful limp in child: 13-year-old male with pain and swelling at the tibial tuberosity
osgood-schlatter
88
treatment of nursemaid's elbow
manual reduction with supination on flexion and elbow pressure
89
treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis
no weight bearing and surgical pinning of leg and prophylactic pinning of contralateral leg
90
treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
NSAIDs, second-line NSAIDs, methotrexate for more severe cases
91
treatment for osgood-schlatter disease
rest, stretching, ice, NSAIDs
92
treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip in children younger than 6 months
pavlik harness
93
treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip in children 6 months - 2 years
closed or open reduction and spica casting
94
treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip in children older than 2 years
open reduction
95
treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip in children older than 8 years
correction may not be performed because of reduced benefit
96
characteristic findings of CREST scleroderma
calcinosis, reynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasias
97
medications approved for treatment of fibromyalgia
pregabalin, duloxetine, milnacipran
98
rash of dermatomyositis
heliotrope rash around eyes, shawl sign around shoulders and upper back, discoloration of eyelids, scaly patches over hand joints "mechanic hands"
99
rheumatologic disease with proximal muscle weakness and facial rash
dermatomyositis
100
rheumatologic disease with pain and stiffness in the hips and shoulders
polymyalgia rheumatica
101
rheumatologic disease with muscle pain and tenderness in multiple distinct locations
fibromyalgia
102
rheumatologic disease with male in his 20s with low back pain that improves with exercise
ankylosing spondylitis
103
rheumatologic disease with jaw claudication and difficulty standing from a chair
polymyalgia rheumatica with temporal arteritis
104
rheumatologic disease with pencil in cup deformities of the DIP and PIP joints
psoriatic arthritis
105
rheumatologic disease with bamboo spine on x-ray
ankylosing spondylitis
106
rheumatologic disease with arthritis, oral ulcers, and proteinuria
SLE
107
rheumatologic disease with flexed DIP and hyperextended PIP
rheumatoid arthritis swan-neck deformity
108
anti-histone antibodies
drug-induced lupus
109
anti-dsDNA antibodies
renal disease in SLE
110
anti-centromere antibodies
CREST scleroderma
111
anti-RNP antibodies
mixed connective tissue disease
112
treatment after initial gout attack
alcohol cessation and weight loss
pharmacologic therapy is only initiated after repeated attacks, tophi (indicative of chronic disease), or renal insufficiency
113
pain between third and fourth toes reproducible with palpation, common in runners, often exhibits clicking sensation
motor neuroma
| treatment: bilateral shoe inserts
114
burning pain in plantar area of foot, made worse with walking
planter fasciitis
115
sharp and localized pain over bony surface on foot that worsens with palpation
stress fracture
116
treatment for nondisplaced scaphoid fracture
wrist immobilization
117
treatment for displaced scaphoid fracture
open reduction and internal fixation
118
treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis
surgical pinning of slipped epiphysis
119
how to diagnose developmental dysplasia of the hips
< 4 months U/S
| > 4 months X-ray (when bones have developed)
120
limitation of internal rotation and abduction of the hip
legg-calve-perthes
