Random Subject Review Part II Flashcards
(167 cards)
1
Q
schizotypal
A
magical thinking, odd thoughts and appearances
2
Q
schizophrenia
A
delusions, hallucinations > 6 months
3
Q
schizoaffective
A
schizophrenia + mood disorder
4
Q
schizoid
A
voluntary social isolation
5
Q
schizophreniform
A
schizophrenia symptoms < 6 months
6
Q
brief psychotic disorder
A
schizophrenia symptoms < 1 month
7
Q
differential diagnosis for dislocation of the lens of the eye
A
marfan’s syndrome, homocystinuria, and alport syndrome
8
Q
treatment for macular degeneration
A
anti-oxidants
9
Q
treatment for retinal detachment
A
laser photocoagulation
second line: cryotherapy
10
Q
females only, loss of previously acquired language and motor skills
A
ret disorder
11
Q
impairements in social interactions, communications, play, repetitive behaviors
A
autism
12
Q
impairment in social interaction but not avoidance, no language delay
A
aspergers
13
Q
young girl with stereotyped midline hand movements
A
ret disorder
14
Q
ignoring the basic rights of others
A
conduct disorder
15
Q
characterized by hostility, annoyance, vindictiveness, disobedience, and resentfulness
A
oppositional defiant disorder
16
Q
multiple motor and vocal tics
A
tourette’s
17
Q
impulsive and inattentive
A
ADHD
18
Q
7 year old who avoids going to school to stay home with parent
A
separation anxiety disorder
19
Q
fever in postop period
A
atelectasis, pneumonia, DVT, UTI, wound infections, thrombophlebitis, wonder drugs, sinusitits
20
Q
next step: pelvic fracture, DPL shows blood in the pelvis
A
emergency laparotomy
21
Q
next step: pelvic fracture, DPL shows urine in the pelvis
A
urgent laparotomy (able to wait a few hours)
22
Q
next step: pelvic fracture, DPL shows nothing, hemodynamic instability
A
retroperitoneal hematoma
angiography for diagnosis and embolization
23
Q
next step: blunt abdominal trauma, unstable vital signs, FAST shows fluid in the pelvis
A
assume that is blood, urgent laparotomy
24
Q
next step: blunt abdominal trauma, unstable vital signs, FAST shows no fluid in the pelvis
A
retroperitoneal hematoma
angiography for diagnosis and embolization
25
next step: blunt abdominal trauma, unstable vital signs, FAST inconclusive
perform DPL
26
next step: blunt abdominal trauma, stable vital signs
CT scan
27
next step: abdominal stab wound, hypotensive or with signs of peritonitis
laparotomy
28
diagnostic criteria for rheumatic fever
```
J - joint pain
O - pancarditis
N - subcutaneous nodules
E - erythema marginatum
S - sydenham's chorea
```
29
treatment for ventricular fibrillation
immediate electrocardioversion 360
| if refractory, epinephrine + vasopressin following by epinephrine alone
30
skin blistering disease that has a positive nikolsky's sign
pemphigus vulgaris
31
most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability
factor V leiden
32
genetic disorder associated with multiple fractures commonly mistaken for cihld abuse
osteogenesis imperfecta
33
most common cause of bloody nipple discharge
intraductal papilloma
34
antibiotics that should be avoided during pregnancy due to potential teratogenic effects
sulfonamdies, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones,
35
antihistone antibodies
drug-induced lupus
36
infectious cause of aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease
parvo virus
37
tachycardia, wild fluctuations in blood pressure, headache, diaphoresis, and panic attacks
pheochromocytoma
38
what should always be done prior to LP
check for increased ICP, papilledema
39
next step in diagnosis of cholecystitis when U/S is equivocal
HIDA scan
40
clinical definition of hypertension
three separate sittings of blood pressure > 140/90 at least two weeks apart
41
most common causes of fever of unknown origin
cancer and autoimmune diseases
42
most feared complication of a scaphoid fracture
avascular necrosis of the scaphoid
43
albuminocytologic dissociation in CSF
guillain-barre syndrome
44
pathogenesis of neonate with meconium ileus
cystic fibrosis and hirschsprung's disease
45
pediatric patient with red "currant-jelly" stools
intussusception
46
young female with amenorrhea, bradycardia, and abnormal body image
anorexia nervosa
47
treatment for superior vena cava syndrome
radiation +/- steroids
48
immunodeficiency with a positive nitroblue tetrazolium test
chronic granulomatous disease
49
what portion of bladder must be injured in order to develop chemical peritonitis
dome of the bladder (only portion covered by peritoneum)
50
next step in management of a woman with uncomplicated cystitis
3 day course of fluoroquinolones
51
diagnosis: newborn male with distended palpable bladder and oliguria
posterior urethral valves
52
treatment for epididymitis
< 35: treat for gonorrhea/chlamidya x 10 days
| > 35 or history of anal intercourse: treat for enterobacter, fluoroquinolone x 10-14 days
53
lab work included in work-up for erectile dysfunction
nocturnal erection test, total testerone, PSA, LH, prolactin
54
recommended therapies for nocturnal enuresis
behavioral therapy, enuresis alarm
| if refractory, consider imipramine or indomethacin suppositories
55
medications used in treatment of BPH
immediate relief: alpha-1 blocker
| long-term relief: 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor
56
risk factors for bladder cancer
smoking, aniline dyes, schistosoma, petroleum byproducts, cyclophosphamide, recurrent UTIs
57
treatment for urethritis in men
ceftriaxone with doxycycline x 10 days
58
how do signs and symptoms of testicular torsion differ from epididymitis
E: subacute, relief with scrotal support
TT: acute, with some trauma/activity, absent cremasteric reflex
59
classic presentation of varicocele
most common on left, associated with infertility, transilluminates on U/S, shows retrograde flow
60
three year-old with abdominal mass, hematuria, and hypertension
wilm's tumor
61
defining characteristic of hydrocele
transillumination
62
next step in management of testicular torsion confirmed with U/S
manually detorse, follow by bilateral orchiopexy
63
treatment for prostatitis
4-6 week course of antibiotics, TMP-SMX if no known association with STDs, standard STD medication if so
64
most common cause or aortic stenosis in 50 year old patient
congenital bicuspid aortic valves
65
most common cause of aortic regurgitation in 70 year old patient
senile or degenerative calcification
66
classic but rare EKG finding in pulmonary embolism
S1Q3invertedT3
67
most likely cause of secondary hypertension in arms but low pressure in legs
coarctation of the aorta
68
most likely cause of secondary hypertension with proteinuria
renal disease
69
most likely cause of secondary hypertension with hypokalemia
hyperaldosteronism
70
most likely cause of secondary hypertension with tachycardia, diarrhea, and heat intolerance
graves disease
71
most likely cause of secondary hypertension with hyperkalemia
renal artery stenosis or renal failure
72
most likely cause of secondary hypertension with episodic sweating and tachycardia
pheochromocytoma
73
elderly female with h/o cholelithiasis presents with 5 days of vague, recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting
gallstone ileus
74
management of ER patient with painful irreducible inguinal mass
surgery for incarcerated inguinal hernia
75
4 month-old child presents with nonbilious vomiting despite changing from milk-based formula to soy-based formula
pyloric stenosis
76
patient presents to second clinic visit with repeat reading of pressure > 140/90, what is the next step
confirm at third visit in 2-4 weeks before starting medication
77
glomerular disease suspected in patient with most common nephrotic syndrome in children
minimal change disease
78
glomerular disease suspected in patient with IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition, LM: hypercellular glomeruli
post-streptococcal glomerlonephritis
79
glomerular disease suspected in patient with linear pattern of immune complex deposition
goodpasture's syndrome
80
glomerular disease suspected in patient with kimmelstiel-wilson lesions
diabetic nephropathy
81
glomerular disease suspected in patient with most common nephrotic syndrome in adults
membranous glomerulonephritis
82
glomerular disease suspected in patient with EM: loss of epithelial foot processes
mimimal change disease
83
glomerular disease suspected in patient with nephrotic syndrome a/w hepatitis B
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
84
glomerular disease suspected in patient with nephrotic syndrome a/w HIV
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
85
glomerular disease suspected in patient with anti-GBM antibodies, hematuria, and hemoptysis
goodpasture's syndrome
86
glomerular disease suspected in patient with EM: subendothelial humps and tram-track appearance
membranoproliferative glomeruonephritis
87
glomerular disease suspected in patient with nephritis, deafness, cataracts
alport's syndrome
88
glomerular disease suspected in patient with LM: crescent formation in glomeruli
idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis
89
glomerular disease suspected in patient with LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
90
glomerular disease suspected in patient with purpura on back of arms and legs, abdominal pain, IgA nephropathy
henoch-schloein purpura
91
glomerular disease suspected in patient with positive ANCA
idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis or wegner's glomerulonephritis
92
glomerular disease suspected in patient with anti-dsDNA antibodies
lupus nephritis
93
what statistical calculation looks at true positives and divides them by the number of patients with disease
sensitivity
94
15 year-old pregnant girl requires hospitalization for preeclampsia, should her parents be informed
no, pregnancy is empancipation
95
patient unable to inspire completely due to pain during palpation of the RUQ, what is the sign and diagnosis
positive murphy's sign, cholecystitis
96
reversal agent for heparin
protamine sulfate
97
substances known to cause hemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency
sulfa drugs, fava beans, primaquine, high dose aspirin, dapsone, nitrofurantoin, INH
98
medications given to a pregnant woman with cystitis
amoxicillin, ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, cephalosporins (ceflex)
99
patient presents with limb pain on passive movement, pallor, poikilothermia, paresthesias, paralysis, and pulselessness, what is the treatment
fasciotomy for compartment syndrome
100
complication that may arise for overly rapid correction of hyponatremia
central pontine myelinolosis
101
60 year-old patient presents with acute onset of broken speech, what type of aphasia is this and what lobe and vascular distribution has been affected? what is the first step in workup?
broca's aphasia, middle cerebral artery, frontal lobe, CT scan w/o contrast
102
most common primary sources of metastasis to the brain
lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, renal cancer, GI tract cancer
103
treatment for mastitis in a patient that is breast-feeding
oral antibiotics and continue breast feeding
104
characteristics favoring carcinoma in an isolated pulmonary nodule
> 2 cm, smoker, age > 45, irregular margins, absence of calcification or irregular calcification
105
in what disease would you find atrophy of the mammillary bodies
wernicke's encephalopathy
106
what term describes heavy bleeding during and between menstrual periods
menometormenorrhagia
107
most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula
blind upper esophageal pouch, trachea connects to lower esophagus and stomach
108
treatment for kawasaki disease in the acute-phase
high-dose aspirin, IVIG
| no steroids for kawasaki
109
first-line pharmacotherapy for depression
SSRI
110
antidepressants associated with hypertensive crisis
MAO inhibitors
| exacerbated by wine and soft cheeses
111
40 year-old black female is found to have noncaseating granulomas of the lung and hypercalcemia
sarcoidosis
112
what disease might you find curschmann's spirals (whorled mucous plugs)
bronchial asthma
113
what is the platelet count, bleeding time, PT, and PTT for HUS or TTP
platelet count: decreased
bleeding time: increased
PT: normal
PTT: normal
114
what is the platelet count, bleeding time, PT, and PTT for hemophilia
platelet count: normal
bleeding time: normal
PT: normal
PTT: increased
115
what is the platelet count, bleeding time, PT, and PTT for von Willebrand disease
platelet count: normal
bleeding time: increased
PT: normal
PTT: increased (because of factor VIII)
116
what is the platelet count, bleeding time, PT, and PTT for DIC
platelet count: decreased
bleeding time: increased
PT: increased
PTT: increased
117
what is the platelet count, bleeding time, PT, and PTT for warfarin
platelet count: normal
bleeding time: normal
PT: increased
PTT: increased
118
what is the platelet count, bleeding time, PT, and PTT for end stage liver disease
platelet count: decreased or normal
bleeding time: increased or normal
PT: increased
PTT: increased
119
what is the platelet count, bleeding time, PT, and PTT for aspirin use
platelet count: normal
bleeding time: increased
PT: normal
PTT: normal
120
medications necessary in patient with end stage renal disease
diuretics, dialysis, kayexelate, vitamin D, epo (Hgb < 12), statins, phosphate binders
121
treatment for hyperkalemia
calcium gluconate, D50 with insulin, sodium bicarbonate, albuterol nebulizer, kayexalate, furosemide
122
4 potassium sparing diuretics
spironolactone (causes gynecomastia)
eplenaranone
amiloride
triamterene
123
deep palpation of RUQ --> arrest of inspiration due to pain
murphy's sign with cholecystitis
124
charcot's triad (fever, jaundice, RUQ pain) + hypotension and altered mental status
reynold's pentad a/w cholangitis
125
RLQ pain on passive extension of the hip
psoas sign, appendicitis
126
RLQ pain on passive internal rotation of the hip
obturator sign, appendicitis
127
LUQ pain and referred left shoulder pain
kerr's sign seen with splenic rupture
128
ecchymosis of the skin overlying the flank
grey turner's sign a/w pancreatitis
129
ecchymosis of the skin overlying the periumbilical area
cullen's sign a/w pancreatitis
130
CXR finding indicative of croup
steeple sign
131
CXR finding indicative of epiglotitis
tongue sign
132
treatment for RSV bronchiolitis
albuterol or racemic epinephrine
oxygen for hypoxia
no steroids, ribavirin only as a last resort
133
beck's triad
hypotension, distended neck veins, distant heart sounds a/w cardiac tamponade
134
typical initial post-op fever work-up
CBC, U/A, CXR, blood culture, urine culture
135
claw hand
ulnar nerve injury
136
ape hand
median nerve injury
137
wrist drop
radial nerve injury
138
scapular winging
long thoracic nerve injury
139
unable to wipe bottom
thoracodorsal nerve injury
140
loss of forearm pronation
median nerve
141
cannot abduct or adduct fingers
ulnar nerve
142
loss of arm abduction
axillary nerve
143
weak lateral rotation of arm
suprascapular nerve or axillary nerve
144
loss of arm and forearm flexion
musculocutaneous nerve
145
loss of forearm extension
radial nerve
146
trouble initially arm abduction
suprascapular nerve
147
unable to abduct arm beyond 10 degrees
axillary nerve
148
unable to raise arm above horizontal
long thoracic nerve and spinal accessory nerve
149
what type of renal tubular acidosis is associated with abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis
RTA I
150
causes of hypervolemic hyponatremia
CHF, nephrotic syndrome, liver failure
151
burn patient presents with cherry-red flushed skin and coma, oxygen saturation is normal but carboxyhemoglobin is elevated, what is the treatment
100% hyperbaric oxygen
152
treatment for delerium tremends
benzos, chlordiazepoxide
153
most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage
uterine atony
| give IV oxytocin after delivery
154
drugs that block transmission through the AV node
beta-blockers, digoxin, CCBs
155
skin lesion causes a pearly-colored papule with a translucent surface and telangectasias
basal cell carcinoma
156
infection causes honey-crusted lesions usually around nose or mouth
impetigo
157
what causes hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH
hypoparathyroidism
158
what causes stones, bones, groans, and psychiatric overtones
hyperparathyroidism
159
first-line treatment for acute otitis media
amoxicillin x10 days
160
does a cohort study identify incidence or prevalence
incidence AND prevalence
161
a violent patient with vertical and/or horizontal nystagmus has been exposed to hat substance
PCP
162
what diarrheal illness is associated with church picnics/mayonnaise
staph aureus
163
cause of congenital pure RBC aplasia
diamond-blackfan anemia
164
pentad of TTP
hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure, fever, neurological symptoms
165
patient who visited the southwest US presents with fever, malaise, cough, and night sweats, what is the diagnosis and treatment
coccidiomycoses
166
ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT with seizures
toxoplasmosis
167
classical physician finds in case of endocarditis
fever, osler's nodes, janeway lesions, heart murmur, splinter hemorrhages, roth spots in the eye
