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HAN 312 > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

The musculoskeletal system includes the bones, muscles, and joints

A

True

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2
Q

Functions of Bones

A
  • > Provides the framework on which body is constructed
  • > provides protection & supports internal organs
  • > Point of attachment for muscles (aids in movement)
  • The inner core of bones is composed of hematopoietic tissue (red bone marrow, manufactures blood cells)
  • Outer parts of bones are storage areas for minerals necessary for growth (calcium and phosphorus)
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3
Q

Joints

A

places where bones come together

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4
Q

Muscle

A
  • > Whether attached to bones or to internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement.
  • > Internal movement involves the contraction and relaxation of muscles found in viscera, and external movement is accomplished by the contraction and relaxation of muscles that are attached to the bones.
  • > Tendons are connective tissue that bind muscles to bones, while ligaments bind bones to other bones.
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5
Q

Orthopedists

A

physicians who treat (surgically and medically) bone, joint, and muscle conditions

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6
Q

Rheumatologist

A

a physician (nonsurgical) who specialize primarily in joint problems

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7
Q

physiatrists

A

medial doctors whose focus is on rehabilitation after injury or illness to muscles, bones, and nerves

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8
Q

Bone head

A

-> process

rounded end of a bone

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9
Q

Condyle

A

-> process

rounded knuckle-like process, at the end of a bone

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10
Q

Epicondyle

A

-> process

small rounded process above the condyle

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11
Q

Trochanters

A

-> process

large and small processes for tendon attachments on the femur

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12
Q

Tuberosity (Tubercle)

A

-> process

round elevation where tendons and muscles attach on the humerus, calcaneus (heel bone), and pelvis

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13
Q

Fissure

A
  • > Depression
  • narrow groove or slit-like opening
  • orbital (eye socket) fissure
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14
Q

Foramen

A
  • > Depression
  • opening for blood vessels and nerves
  • foramen magnum of the skull
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15
Q

Fossa

A
  • > Depression
  • shallow cavity in or on a bone
  • olecranon (elbow) fossa on humerus
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16
Q

Sinus

A
  • > depression
  • hollow cavity within bone
  • sinuses of the skull
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17
Q

frontal bone

A

forms the forehead and the roof of the bony sockets that contain the eyes

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18
Q

Parietal bone

A

the 2 bones (one on each side of the skull) that form the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium

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19
Q

Temporal bone

A
  • the 2 bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium.
  • each bone encloses an ear and contains a fossa for joining with the mandible (lower jawbone)
  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the area of connection between the temporal and mandibular bones
  • Mastoid process: a round process of the temporal bone behind the ear
  • Styloid process: projects downward from the temporal bone
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20
Q

Occipital bone

A

forms the back and base of the skull and joins the parietal and temporal bones, forming a suture
-the inferior portion of this has an opening called the foramen magnum through which the spinal cord passes

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21
Q

Sphenoid bone

A
  • bat-shaped bone that extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull
  • joins with the frontal, occipital, and ethmoid bones– serves as an anchor to hold those skull bone together
  • Sella Turcica: a depression in the sphenoid bone in which the pituitary gland is located
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22
Q

ethmoid bone

A

the thin, delicate bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the sockets of the eyes
-composed primarily of spongy bone

23
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

corners of each eye

24
Q

Mandible

A

lower jawbone

25
Q

maxillae

A

upper jawbones

26
Q

nasal bones

A

bridge and septum of nose

27
Q

vomer

A

nasal septum (thin, flat bone)

28
Q

zygomatic bones

A

cheek bones

29
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between 2 bones; bending a limb

30
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between 2 bones; straightening out a limb

31
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline of the body

32
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline of the body

33
Q

rotation

A

Circular movement around an axis (central point). Internal rotation is toward the center of the body and external rotation is away from the center of the body.

34
Q

dorsiflexion

A

Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot moves upward, toward the knee or ceiling. This is the opposite movement of stepping on the gas pedal when driving a car.

35
Q

plantar flexion

A

Motion that moves the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes or stepping on the gas pedal. Plant/o means sole of the foot.

36
Q

supination

A

As applied to the hand and forearm, where the elbow is bent, the act of turning the palm up. As applied to the foot, it is outward roll of the foot/ankle during normal motion.
-palm faces up

37
Q

pronation

A

As applied to the hand and forearm, where the elbow is bent, the act of turning the palm down. As applied to the foot, it is inward roll of the foot/ankle during normal motion.
-palm faces down

38
Q

Antinuclear antibody test (ANA)

A

detects an antibody often present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases

39
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

Measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube

40
Q

rheumatoid factor test (RF)

A

Serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

41
Q

serum calcium (Ca)

A

Measurement of calcium level in serum

42
Q

serum creatine kinase (CK)

A

Measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum.

-increased levels occur in muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, and rhabdomyolysis with traumatic injuries

43
Q

uric acid test

A

measurement of uric acid in serum

44
Q

arthrocentesis

A

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space.

45
Q

arthrography

A

taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint

46
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair or replacement of a joint

47
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor

48
Q

bone density test (bone densitometry)

A

low energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass

49
Q

bone scan

A

uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone

50
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

Xray beam and computer show cross-sectional and other images of body tissue

51
Q

discography

A

X-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disc after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disc).

52
Q

electromyography (EMG)

A

recording the electrical activity of muscle tissue

53
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

strong magnetic field and advanced computing technology are used to create high-resolution images of soft tissues inside the body

HAN 312 (21 decks)

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