Musculoskeletal System: Terminology Flashcards by Rebeca Persaud

calc/o, calci/o

calcium

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kyph/o

humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)

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lamin/o

lamina (part of the vertebral arch)

-Laminectomy: an operation often performed to relieve the symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots. Involves removal of the lamina and spinous processes.

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lord/o

curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)

-lordosis: the normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine becomes exaggerated

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lumb/o

loins, lower back

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myel/o

bone marrow

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orth/o

straight

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oste/o

bone

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scoli/o

crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

-scoliosis: the spinal column is bent abnormally to the side

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spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of the structure)

vertebra

-Spondylosis: degeneration of the intervertebral discs and vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions. Signs and symptoms include pain and restriction of movement

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vertebr/o (used to describe the structure of itself)

vertebra

-Vertebroplasty: Percutaneous vertebroplasty relieves pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae. Medical cement is used to fill in the cracks and strengthen bone

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-blast

embryonic or immature cell

-osteoblast

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-clast

to break

-osteoclast

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-listhesis

slipping

-spondylolisthesis: the forward slipping of a vertebra over a lower vertebra

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-malacia

softening

-osteomalacia: a condition in which vitamin D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones

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-physis

to grow

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-porosis

pore, passage

-osteoporosis: loss of bony tissue with decreased mass of bone

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-tome

instrument to cut

-osteotome: this surgical chisel is designed to cut bone

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acetabul/o

acetabulum (hip socket)

-acetabular

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calcane/o

calcaneus (heel)

-calcaneal: the calcaneus is one of the tarsal (hindfoot) bones

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carp/o

carpals (wrist bones)

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clavicul/o

clavicle (collar bone)

-supraclavicular

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cost/o

ribs (true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs)

-subcostal

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crani/o

cranium (skull)

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femor/o

femur (thigh bone)

fibul/o

fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

humer/o

humerus (upper arm bone)

ili/o

ilium (upper part of the pelvic bone)

ischi/o

ischium (posterior part of the pelvic bone)

malleol/o

malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)

mandibul/o

mandible (lower jawbone)

maxill/o

maxilla (upper jawbone)

metacarp/o

metacarpals (hand bones)

metatars/o

metatarsals (foot bones)

olecran/o

olecranon (elbow)

patell/o

patella (kneecap)

pelv/o

pelvis

phalang/o

phalanges (finger and/or toes bones)

pub/o

pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

radi/o

radius (forearm bone- thumb side)

scapul/o

scapula (shoulder blade)

stern/o

sternum (breastbone)

tars/o

tarsals (bone of the mid and hindfoot)

tibi/o

tibia (shin bone)

uln/o

ulna (forearm bone-little finger side)

ankyl/o

stiff

arthr

joint

articul/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

chondr/o

cartilage

ligament/o

ligament

rheumat/o

watery flow

synov/o

synovial membrane

ten/o

tendon

tendin/o

tendon

ankylosis

a condition of joint stiffening or immobilization

-desis

to bind, tie together -arthrodesis: bones are fused across the joint space by surgery (artificial ankylosis). This operation is performed when a joint is very painful, unstable, or chronically infected

-stenosis

narrowing

fasci/o

fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles) | -fasciotomy: fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure on muscles

fibr/o

fibrous connective tissue -fibromyalgia: chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints, and fibrous tissue, especially of the back, shoulders, neck, hips, and knees. Fatigue is a common complaint

leiomy/o

smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

my/o

muscle

myocardi/o

heart muscle

myos/o

muscle

plant/o

sole of the foot | -plantar flexion

rhabdomy/o

skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones

sarc/o

muscle and flesh | -sarcopenia: loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging

-asthenia

lack of strength -myastheniagravis: muscles lose strength bc of a failure in transmission of the nervous impulse from the nerve to the muscle cell

-trophy

development, nourishment - atrophy: decrease in size of an organ or tissue - hypertrophy: increase in size of an organ or tissue - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: muscles deteriorate (paralysis occurs as results of degeneration of nerves in the spinal cord and lower region of the brain

ab-

-prefix | away from

ad-

-prefix | toward

dorsi-

-prefix | toward

poly-

-prefix | many, much

Musculoskeletal System: Terminology Flashcards

(73 cards)