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HAN 312 > Musculoskeletal System: Terminology > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System: Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

calc/o, calci/o

A

calcium

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2
Q

kyph/o

A

humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)

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3
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (part of the vertebral arch)

-Laminectomy: an operation often performed to relieve the symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots. Involves removal of the lamina and spinous processes.

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4
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)

-lordosis: the normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine becomes exaggerated

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5
Q

lumb/o

A

loins, lower back

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6
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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7
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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8
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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9
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

-scoliosis: the spinal column is bent abnormally to the side

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10
Q

spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of the structure)

A

vertebra

-Spondylosis: degeneration of the intervertebral discs and vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions. Signs and symptoms include pain and restriction of movement

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11
Q

vertebr/o (used to describe the structure of itself)

A

vertebra

-Vertebroplasty: Percutaneous vertebroplasty relieves pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae. Medical cement is used to fill in the cracks and strengthen bone

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12
Q

-blast

A

embryonic or immature cell

-osteoblast

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13
Q

-clast

A

to break

-osteoclast

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14
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

-spondylolisthesis: the forward slipping of a vertebra over a lower vertebra

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15
Q

-malacia

A

softening

-osteomalacia: a condition in which vitamin D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones

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16
Q

-physis

A

to grow

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17
Q

-porosis

A

pore, passage

-osteoporosis: loss of bony tissue with decreased mass of bone

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18
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

-osteotome: this surgical chisel is designed to cut bone

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19
Q

acetabul/o

A

acetabulum (hip socket)

-acetabular

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20
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneus (heel)

-calcaneal: the calcaneus is one of the tarsal (hindfoot) bones

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21
Q

carp/o

A

carpals (wrist bones)

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22
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle (collar bone)

-supraclavicular

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23
Q

cost/o

A

ribs (true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs)

-subcostal

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24
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

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25
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thigh bone)

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26
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

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27
Q

humer/o

A

humerus (upper arm bone)

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28
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (upper part of the pelvic bone)

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29
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium (posterior part of the pelvic bone)

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30
Q

malleol/o

A

malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)

31
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible (lower jawbone)

32
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla (upper jawbone)

33
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpals (hand bones)

34
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsals (foot bones)

35
Q

olecran/o

A

olecranon (elbow)

36
Q

patell/o

A

patella (kneecap)

37
Q

pelv/o

A

pelvis

38
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges (finger and/or toes bones)

39
Q

pub/o

A

pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

40
Q

radi/o

A

radius (forearm bone- thumb side)

41
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula (shoulder blade)

42
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (breastbone)

43
Q

tars/o

A

tarsals (bone of the mid and hindfoot)

44
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (shin bone)

45
Q

uln/o

A

ulna (forearm bone-little finger side)

46
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff

47
Q

arthr

A

joint

48
Q

articul/o

A

joint

49
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

50
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

51
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

52
Q

rheumat/o

A

watery flow

53
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membrane

54
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

55
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

56
Q

ankylosis

A

a condition of joint stiffening or immobilization

57
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together
-arthrodesis: bones are fused across the joint space by surgery (artificial ankylosis). This operation is performed when a joint is very painful, unstable, or chronically infected

58
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing

59
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)

-fasciotomy: fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure on muscles

60
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous connective tissue
-fibromyalgia: chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints, and fibrous tissue, especially of the back, shoulders, neck, hips, and knees. Fatigue is a common complaint

61
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

62
Q

my/o

A

muscle

63
Q

myocardi/o

A

heart muscle

64
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

65
Q

plant/o

A

sole of the foot

-plantar flexion

66
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones

67
Q

sarc/o

A

muscle and flesh

-sarcopenia: loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging

68
Q

-asthenia

A

lack of strength
-myastheniagravis: muscles lose strength bc of a failure in transmission of the nervous impulse from the nerve to the muscle cell

69
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

  • atrophy: decrease in size of an organ or tissue
  • hypertrophy: increase in size of an organ or tissue
  • amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: muscles deteriorate (paralysis occurs as results of degeneration of nerves in the spinal cord and lower region of the brain
70
Q

ab-

A

-prefix

away from

71
Q

ad-

A

-prefix

toward

72
Q

dorsi-

A

-prefix

toward

73
Q

poly-

A

-prefix

many, much

HAN 312 (21 decks)

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