Musculoskeletal System Flashcards by Simone allen

_______ form bone.

osteoblasts

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______ maintain bone

osteocytes

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______ break down bone and increase Ca serum.

osteoclats

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______ are where two or more bones connect.

joints

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_______ joints allow the most movement.

synovial

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________ connect two bones at a joint.

ligaments

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________ connect bones to muscles.

tendons

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which three muscles are involuntary?

smooth
cardiac
skeletal

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muscles can’t contract without the ______ ______.

nervous system

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What are the 6 P’s of neurovascular assessment.

Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Parasthesia
Paralysis
Poikiloterma

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What are the 3 anti arthritic drugs?

NSAIDS
Glucocorticoids
DMARDS (disease - modifying anti rheumatic drugs)

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Methotrextate is a _______.

DMARD

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Methotextrate is indicated for _____ _____.

Rheumatoid arthritis

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Slows disease progression by interfering in immune and inflammatory responses.

Methotrexate

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2 NC’s for methotrexate

lifelong therapy
treats symptoms - doesn’t cure

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What are the 3 main antigout drugs.

NSAIDS
Glucocorticoids
Anti uric acid agents

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Allopurinol is indicated for ______.

Gout

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Prevents uric acid from forming.

allopurinol

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2 NC’s for allopurinol

monitor CBC (leukopenia, fever, rash)
Avoid foods high in purine

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Beer, wine, sardines, and anchovies are food high in ______.

purines

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Calcium and Vit D will ______ Ca

increase

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Calcitonin and Biphosphonates _____ Ca

decrease

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Hypercalcemia = ?

Sedative

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This medication stops bones from breaking down.

Calcitonin

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Calcitonin is usually admitted via the ____ ____.

nasal spray

What are the side effects of nasal spray?

dryness and irritation

_____ is the main side effect of alendronate.

Esophagitis

NC's for Alendronate

1. Take a full glass of water 2. Remain upright for 30 minutes 3. discontinue if pain swallowing or heartburn.

______ is a centrally acting muscle relaxer.

Baclofen

Baclofen can cause _____.

seizures

NC's for Baclofen

1. Monitor for CNS depression 2. Do not discontinue abruptly ( taper over 1 to 2 weeks)

______ is a complete loss of contact between the surface of two bones.

dislocation

______ is partial loss of contact between two bones.

subluxation

_____ is when the ligament (connects bone to bone) tears.

sprain

______ is the complete separation of a tendon ligament from its attachment.

Avulsion

An incomplete fracture that doesn't go all the way across the bone.

Greenstick

diagnole fracture?

oblique / non displaced

shattered fracture

comminuted

TRACTION assessment

Temp monitor Ropes hanging freely Alignment of extremity Circulation checks are #1 Tension (no tension on the skin - skin breakdown) Intake and output Overhead trapeze helps with ROM No weights on the floor - don't release traction

Used when clients have a spinal cord injury to the cervical spine.

Halo device

Never ______ or ______ on frame of the halo device.

tug or pull

Pin site care is performed by?

RN or LPN

_____ _____ should be used for each sweep and for each pin.

New gauze

Pin site gauze should be soaked in?

Clean the length of the pin going ______ from site.

upward

________ is a bone demineralization disease that leads to fragile bones and a further risk for fractures.

Osteoperosis

Osteoperosis most commonly occurs in the _____, ____, and _____.

1. wrist 2. hip 3. vertebra

Name 3 risk factors of osteoporosis.

1. Early menopause 2. Thin, small frame 3. smoking

The #1 prevention of osteoporosis is ____ _____.

injury prevention

for clients with osteoperosis encourage clients to have a diet in _____, ______, ______, _______.

1. calcium 2. Vit D 3. Iron 4. Protein

_______ ______ is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease. It weakens the joint and can lead to dislocation.

Rheumatoid arthrits

RA exacerbations or "flares" occupe during periods of _____ and _____.

fatigue and stress

RA has moderate to severe pain with _______ ______ lasting longer than 30 minutes.

morning stiffness

RA has a ____ ______ feeling in the joint.

spongy soft

With RA synovial fluid shows ______.

inflammation

A client with RA should avoid _____ _____ on inflamed joints.

weight bearing

Synovectomy is?

Removal of the joint

_______ is a age related disorder that decreases the cartilage and bones become sclerosed.

osteoarthritis

Osteoarthrits is most common in the? (4)

1. hands 2. knees 3. hips 4. spine

The 3 causes of osteoarthritis are?

1. age (>40 years old) 2. Overweight 3. Strenuous work environment

Osteoarthritis signs and symptoms "OSTEO"

O - Outgrowths (nodes on fingers and nails) S - Stiffness (morning) T - Tenderness E - Exacerbated by exercises O - Only in the joints (not systemic - no inflammation)

_________ node is close to the fingernail.

Heberden's

________ node is the middle finger joint.

Bouchard's

Name 3 NI's of osteoarthritis

1. encourage weight loss 2. Analgesics (NSAIDs / Acetaminophen) 3. Corticosteroids

Patients with osteoarthritis should avoid _____, ______, etc...

running and jumping

Blood cannot control uric acid production or exertion is ______.

Gout

_____ _____ is the most common location of gout.

Greater toe

_____ is large clumps of uric acid crystals that have accumulated over time in gout patients.

Tophi

Gout patients have decreased ______.

decreased mobility

Gout patients should alternate ____ and _____ compress.

cold and warm

Gout patients should have a diet low in ______.

Purine

Name 3 types of foods high in purine.

1. Meat (organ / red) 2. Seafood (scallops , anchovies, sardines) 3. Alcohol

A _____ is when a tendon tears.

strain

_____ ______ ______ is caused by muscle spasticity.

permanent muscle shortening

______ muscle disorder causing weakness and atrophy (decreased size of body parts).

myopathy

______ is injury to the skeletal muscle from burns, trauma, and compartment.

Rhabdomyolysis

_____ is a muscle protein.

Myoglobin

_____, ______, _____, are released into the blood from rhabdomyolysis.

1. creatinine kinase 2. Potassium 3. Phosphorus

Name 3 common assessments in rhabdomyolysis.

1. dark urine 2. muscle weakness 3. bruising (ecchymosis)

Name 4 treatments of rhabdomyolysis

1. NS 2. Diuretics 3. Bedrest *** 4. monitor electrolytes (Telemetry)

Name 4 common complications of fractures

1. Fat embolism 2. Avascular necrosi 3. PE 4. Infection

The treatment for compartment syndrome is ________. (cut open the compartment)

fasciotomy

3 symptoms of a Fat Embolism

1. Hypoxia 2. Confusion 3. ALOC

______ is infection of the bone.

Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is usually caused by a _____ _______.

staph infection

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

(85 cards)