musculoskeletal system

Question 1

allows for movement, aods in movement of lymph fluid and blood, protects internal organs, maintains homeostasis through heat production are all functions of the

Answer 1

musculoskeletal system

Question 2

individual muscle cell

Answer 2

muscle fibers

Question 3

_____ connect bone to muscle

Answer 3

tendons

Question 4

_____ connect bones to other bones

Answer 4

ligaments

Question 5

striated, under voluntary control and usually attached to skelton

Answer 5

skeletal muscle

Question 6

non-striated, under involuntary control, usually around wall of internal organs

Answer 6

smooth muscle

Question 7

striated, under involuntary control, only covers heart

Answer 7

cardiac muscle

Question 8

within a muscle fiber are many _____ or long structures for muscle contraction

Answer 8

myofibrils

Question 9

structures within a single myofibril

Answer 9

sarcoplastic reticulum, thin (actin) filamnets, sarcomere, thich (myosin) filaments

Question 10

The muscle contraction process is an INTRAcellular cascade that has 4 stages is called the

Answer 10

cross-bridge cycle

Question 11

stages of the cross-bridge cycle

Answer 11

1. calcium binds to thin filaments which causes a shape change that exposes the active site for myosin to bind to the thin filaments
   2.myosin heads from the thick filaments will bind to this active site, creating cross-bridges
   3.the hydolysis of ATP to ADP powers myosin heads to bend, pulling actin and z disk inwards in a “power stroke”
   4.myosin heads pick up fresh ATP, drops actin and resets to begin again

Question 12

what role does Acetylcholine play in muscle contraction?

Answer 12

it binds to its receptor on the muscle which causes a voltage change, that voltage change triggers release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate cross cross-bridge cycle

Question 13

which is smaller a motor unit or a motor pool

Answer 13

motor unit

hint: pools are big

Question 14

signal via alpha motor neurons, and detect muscle stretcging and stretching in response to contraction

Answer 14

muscle spindles

Question 15

detect the degree of tension in a muscle at any point, signal through gamma motor neurons

Answer 15

golgi tendon organs

Question 16

how many major descending motor pathways are there for conveying voluntary motot commands to the body as well as to muscles in the head and neck

Answer 16

2 - corticospinal tract and corticobulbar tract

Question 17

conveys voluntary signals from motor cortext to the body

Answer 17

corticospinal tract

Question 18

conveys voluntary motor signals from the cranial nerve to control muscles in the face/head and neck

Answer 18

corticobulbar tract