the nervous system (part 1-electrical and action potential) Flashcards
(49 cards)
this is the primary cell type found in the central nervous system and it exhibits electrical properties
neuron
most neurons have 6 structures:
cell body w/ nuclues in it, dendrites, axon, myelin, synaptic terminals
this part of the neuron houses the nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
cell body
the part of the neuron that receives signals
dendrites
long projection away from the body of a neuron that relays electrical signals
axon
part of the neuron that is a lipid-rich sheath that insulates axon to increase action potential speed
myelin
the part of the neuron where neurotransmitters are released
synaptic terminals
what is the name of the space between neurons
synapse
the signature cell type (neuron) of the hippocampus with a long axon and lots of dendrites
pyramidal cells
a large cell (neuron) found almost exclusively in the cerbellum, they are very dense with dendrites, mostly just transmit GABA, and help serve as a cerebellum control center
Purkinje cells
the most abundent cell (neuron) in the nercous system and one of the smallest; do not have many dendrites and mostly transmit glutamate
granule cell
this neuron is almost exclusively found in the spinal cord, is very small, mostly inhibits and has very short axon
interneuron
the classic neuron with all the perfect structures we study is also called a ________ neuron
multipolar
these cells provide critical support for neurons in the CNS and nerve cells in the PNS
neuroglia or glial cells
what 2 neuroglia cells are in the peripheral nervous system
satellite cells and schwann cells
what 4 neuroglia cells are in the CNS?
microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells and astrocytes
what glial cell does this describe?:
regulates blood flow, PH and osmolarity
filters out toxins to help support blood brain barrier
assists in neurotransmitter reuptake (typically glutamate)
astrocytes
hint : STAR (astro) cleaners and regulaters
what glial cell does this describe?:
function as immune cells for CNS
-start immune response when pathogens are detected, recruit non-neural immune cells to help
mediate level of inflammation in the CNS
act as phagocytes (immune cell that “eats” pathogens)
microglia
hint: Small (micro) but mighty fighters
these glial cells are ciliated (meaning they have hair-like cilia surrounding them), circulate and filter cerebrospinal fluid and main its homeostasis
ependymal cells
These specialized glial cells in the CNS are responsible for myelination, they extend a foot process from their cell body to wrap around the axon
oligodendrocytes
hint: funky name, funky foot, foot process, myelination
this peripheral glial cell is also responsible for myelination, entire cell wraps around axon to myelinate it thought not just an extension
schwann cells -PNS
these PNS glial cells are very similar to astrocytes; they regulate extracellular matrix surrounding the peripheral nerve cells, possibly aid in neurotransmitter reuptake and provide physical cushion for nerve cells in the PNS
satellite cells
hint: satellites are far (periphery) and surround and help protect us (surround nerve cells and given cushion)
in the equivalent circuit model this refers to the charge difference across the cell membrane, measured in millivolts mV
voltage or potential -V
in the equivalent circuit model this is a measure of the flow of individual ions measured in milliamps (mA)
current - I
