Myers + Bush + Kay + Grudin Flashcards
Week 12 (12 cards)
When did direct manipulation first appear and what did it support?
1960’s with Sutherland’s Sketchpad
You could manipulate objects directly on the screen with a light pen
It had constraints, click-and-drag, and continuous zoom
When did personal tablets/computers come into the picture and what kinds?
Kay presented Dynabook in 1977
In the 1980’s the first commercial systems to use direct manipulation appeared
Xerox Star (1981), Apple Lisa (1982), and Macintosh (1984)
Who invented the mouse?
Engelbart with the NLS in 1965
What is the WIMP paradigm and when did it appear?
Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointing in the 1980’s
Overlapping windows was demonstrated by Kay in 1974 with Smalltalk
It then became popular with the invasion of personal computers
Who first presented text editors and when?
1970’s at Xerox Parc with Bravo, a WYSIWYG editor
When did spreadsheets appear?
Late 1970’s with Visi-Calc
When did hypertext first appear and when did it gain traction?
1945 with Bush’s MEMEX idea
1965 with Engelbart’s NLS and NLS journal (1970)
When did the world wide web and Google appear?
Tim Berners Lee’s world wide web launched in 1990
Google went online in 1998
When did JavaScript appear?
1995
When did computer-supported cooperative work appear and how?
NLS (1968) included remote participation
ARPAnet made electronic mail in 1969
Ethernet came from Xerox Parc in 1973
When did AR/VR first appear and reappear again?
Sutherland demonstrated his prototype in 1968
Reappeared again in 2010’s with things like Pokemon Go and VR headsets
Which phases can interaction with computers be categorized by?
Grudin defined 5 foci;
- Interface as hardware (50’s)
- Interface as software (60’s-70’s)
- Interface as terminal (70’s-90’s)
4 Interface as dialogue (80’s)
- Interface as work setting (90’s)
