Chapter 23 Flashcards
PoHCI, week 2 (33 cards)
What are the four elements of a user interface (UI)?
Devices
Interaction techniques
Representations
Assemblies
What is an input device in a UI?
A device that allows the user to provide input to the system
Examples: Mice, keyboards, touchscreens, microphones and eye trackers
What is an output device in a UI?
A device that allow the system to provide information and feedback to the user
Examples: Laptop displays, audio, rumble and force-feedback
What is explicit- and implicit input?
Explicit: Controlled by the user, such as traditional input devices
Implicit: Context sensors, biosensors etc. that are not fully under the user’s voluntary control but can serve as input.
What is interaction techniques in a UI?
They translate input from input devices into solutions to basic interactive operations
Examples: Moving, selecting, pointing or navigating
What is representation in a UI?
Representations determine how data, events, objects, and actions appear to the user
Example: Design and appearance of icons and menus
What is assemblies in a UI?
They define how the representations are organized and put together in the UI both spatially and temporarily.
Example: In a web browser, pages are linked in particular ways etc.
What is an interactive system?
The user interface and its broader technical operating context
What is interaction style?
A genre of interaction that specifies how users interact with computer systems
A combination of particular instances of the four elements of user interfaces
What is a command-line interface (CLI)?
An interface that allow the user to interact by typing commands and receiving responses using a
terminal.
What is forms?
A style of interaction that provide data entry support
Example: Fields to enter specific data such as a contact form with name, address etc.
What is menu interaction?
Having a menu hierarchy that the user can explore
Example: Linear drop-down menu
What are the advantages of menus?
They support exploration as the user can see particular commands in the menu structure
They can help novice, intermediate and experienced users
Pull-down menus allow more commands to be made available
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
An interface that allow users to interact directly with objects in the user interface.
What is direct manipulation?
Interacting with objects directly to accomplish a task
Example: User deletes a file by moving the mouse cursor over the file, selecting it, and subsequently dragging it to an icon representing a bin.
What is reality-based interaction?
An umbrella term that covers styles of interaction that have been developed since the GUI
Examples: Mobile user interfaces, calculator watches and personal digital assistants (PDAs), mixed
reality (XR) and augmented reality (AR).
What are the three main design objectives in HCI?
Understanding of people
Our theories of interaction
Attributes and structual qualities of the user interface
What are the three objectives of an UI?
Easy to learn, proficiency and optimal performance
How do we support initial performance?
Exploratory learning
Reversal of actions
Visibility of actions and system status
Simplify the interface and add layers later
How do we support extended learnability?
Shortcuts/hotkeys
Support for habit formation and automaticity
Battling satisficing
How do we support ultimate (optimal) performance?
Limits derived from models of performance can be used to remove barriers to optimal performance
What is usability?
Qualities of the user interface that allow users to achiece their goals effectively, efficiently, and
enjoyyably.
What is accessibility?
A goal of having equivalent levels of usability between user groups.
What guidelines are suggested for an UI?
Help users recognize, diagnose and recover from errors with understandable error messages
Error prevention by displaying warnings and requiring user confirmation
