National Immunization Programme Flashcards
(32 cards)
Immunization
-A process by which an individual becomes ______________________________.
-defense against infectious disease acquired either through _____________________ or a
_____________ form of it as through vaccination.
protected against an infectious disease.
contact with the contagion
less virulent
Vaccine: A product that ________ a person’s __________ to a specific disease to protect from that disease on subsequent exposure to a specific pathogen
stimulates; immunity
Vaccination: The __________________________________ to produce immunity to a specific
disease
act of introducing a vaccine
herd immunity
the level of disease ————- of a _________/_________ . ie
the _____________ of a group to attack by a disease to which a _______ proportion of the members are ________.
resistance
community ; population
resistance
large; immune
VPDs
List 16
• Diphtheria
• Hib
• Hepatitis B
• Measles
• Meningitis
• Mumps
• Neonatal Tetanus
• Cervical cancer
• Pertussis
• Poliomyelitis
• Rotavirus
• Rubella
• Tetanus
• Tuberculosis
• Yellow Fever
• COVID-19
National immunization policy
• It is the policy of the _________ to provide
immunization services and potent vaccines _______ to all population at risk of VPDs
• The main goal is to develop and promote immunization programmes designed to reduce ____________________
through adequate immunization coverage of all at-risk populations
FGN ; free
childhood morbidity and mortality
National immunization Programme
• The __________________ (EPI) was initiated in 1979.
• It was restructured in 1997 to meet national and global immunization challenges
• renamed ____________________ (NPI) and established as a Parastatal of the Federal Ministry of Health by
decree 12 of 1997
Expanded Programme on Immunization
(EPI)
National Programme on
Immunization (NPI)
• Following the Federal Government Health Sector Reform, NPI was merged with the ____________________ (NPHCDA) in May 2007
National Primary Health Care Development Agency
The ____________ is now charged with the
responsibility of effectively controlling,
through provision of vaccines and
immunization guidelines, the occurrence of
VPDs
NPHCDA
Vaccine must be purchased from _______ prequalified manufacturers with the following parameters:
• Batch/Lot _______ and expiry dates.
• The _______ of the vial.
• Product presentation - either ________ or ________ form with the corresponding diluent.
• Storage temperatures required for both long-term and short-term periods.
• Country of manufacture.
• ________
• Registration by the National Regulatory Authority (________)
WHO ; number
dosage ; liquid ; powder
VVM
NAFDAC
The birth dose of immunization should be given within ________ of age
2 weeks
Supplemental/ catch–up
campaigns vaccines
i. __________ Vaccine (for __________ eradication)
ii. __________ (for maternal and neo-natal __________ elimination)
iii. __________ vaccine (for accelerated __________ campaign)
Oral Polio ; polio
Tetanus Toxoid ; tetanus
Measles ;measles
All children ________ to ________ get a measles shot, even if they’ve had one before
9months
5 years
Vaccines for out-break control and
special groups
i._________ Vaccine (for control of _______ out break and travelers to endemic areas)
ii. __________ vaccine
Cerebrospinal meningitis ; CSM
Yellow fever
Vaccination health record
• aka ______________ will help parents and health care providers keep track of a child’s vaccinations.
• The record should be started when the child has his or her _____________ and should be updated with each additional vaccination.
immunization card
first vaccination
Adverse Event Following Immunization
(AEFI)
Definition
• An Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) is a _______ incident that takes place after ______________ , is a cause of concern to the child’s care giver and is believed to be
caused by the ______________.
medical incident
an immunization
immunization.
_______________________________
(AEFI)
Adverse Event Following Immunization
AEFI
Common minor reactions following immunization include;
• Local reactions
– _________ at injection sites
– _________
– _________
• Fever <___O C
• _________
• Malaise
• General apathy
These symptoms result from normal body reaction to a vaccine or its components.
Redness
pain ; swelling
<38O C ; Irritability
AEFI
The rare, more serious vaccine
reactions include:
• ___________
• ___________ shock
• Severe ___________ reactions
eg ___________ ___________ and ___________
• Adenopathy
• ___________
Convulsion ; Anaphylactic shock
allergic ; generalized urticaria
angioedema; Encephalopathy
Contraindications to immunization
Circumstances that require postponement of immunization include:
• ________ illness accompanied by fever or ________ upset. The children should be immunized as soon as possible after recovery.
• ______________ deficiency eg agammaglobulinaemia,
immunosuppression states such as leukaemia, immunosuppressive therapy in high doses
• History of ______________ reactions following ______ ingestion such as generalized urticaria, difficulty in
breathing, hypotension, shock (Yellow fever, influenza vaccines)
Acute illness
systemic ; Immunologic
severe allergic ; egg
Contraindications to immunization 2
• History of _________________ effects (anaphylaxis, collapse or shock, encephalopathy) after previous
dose of a vaccine. Subsequent dose of the same vaccine should not be given.
• __________ is a contraindication to the use of live virus vaccines
• Administration of gamma globulin, plasma, or ______________________, ____ to _______ prior to the scheduled immunization.
severe adverse ; Pregnancy
whole blood transfusion
6 to 8 weeks
Some common false CIs
• Minor illnesses, such as URTI or diarrhoea with temperature below ____ degrees C
• Allergy, ______ or other ______ manifestations
• ________ history of convulsions
• Treatment with _______
• Localized _____ infection
• History of _________ after birth
• _________
• _________
• Previous history of illness with _________
38 degrees C
asthma ; atopic
Family ; antibiotics
skin ; jaundice
Prematurity; Malnutrition
rash
Cold chain
• A system of _________ and _________ vaccines in a potent state from the point of _________ to the point of _________.
storing ; transporting
manufacture ; use
Cold chain system
WIC: __________
WIF: __________
ILR: __________
DF: __________
Walk-in- cooler
Walk-in freezer
Ice-lined refrigerator
Deep freezer
