Community Diagnosis

Question 1

What is a “Community” ?
• A group of people living together with at least ______ common interests and characteristics.

Answer 1

one

Question 2

Community Diagnosis is the process of
____________ and ____________ of health problems in a community in order to determine the ____________ of the community.

Answer 2

identification

quantification

health needs

Question 3

Community diagnosis can identify those _________ or those ______________________

Answer 3

at risk

in need of health care.

Question 4

Community diagnosis is a quantitative and qualitative description of the health of citizens and the factors which influence their health.
•It identifies __________ , proposes __________ and stimulates __________.

Answer 4

problems

areas for improvement

action.

Question 5

Health status of the community can be reported in terms of ___________________________________ with the factors influencing them.

Answer 5

morbidity and mortality rates and ratios

Question 6

Importance of Community Diagnosis
• To explore and understand what ______________________.
• To assess the __________ of the community
• To identify the health __________ , __________, and systems of
care within the community.
• To assess __________ of the community members toward community health services and issues
➢ To identify the __________ of the community members.
• To identify and set priorities, establish goals, and determine courses of action to __________ the health status
of the community.

Answer 6

the community perceives as health.

health status

resources ; services,

attitudes ; felt needs

improve

Question 7

Importance of Community Diagnosis (2)
• To establish an _________ _________for measuring improvement over time.
• To identify options for actions especially on those beliefs
considered _________ to the health of people.
• To ensure that decisions are based on _________ and _________.

• To get community members, stakeholders and wide variety
of partners.
• Helps community members understand the important choices among the priorities.
• Encourages _________ of health actions among the community members.

Answer 7

epidemiologic baseline

negative

information ; evidence.

ownership.

Question 9

Characteristics of Community Diagnosis
• Ability to address important community _________
•Ability to identify most of the targeted _________
•Adequacy in reflecting changes in _________ of _________ over time, place and person
•_________
•Uncomplicated
•_________
•_________
•_________

Answer 9

problems

health events

distribution of events

•Participatory

•Sensitive

•Timely

•Inexpensive

Question 10

How is the Community Diagnosed?
•Community is diagnosed using “________________” which are the variables used for the assessment of community health.
•Indicators must be: valid, reliable, sensitive,
specific, feasible and relevant.

Answer 10

Health Indicators

Question 11

Classification of Health Indicators
•Health indicators can be classified as:
➢___________ indicators
➢ ___________ indicators
➢ ___________ rates
➢ ___________ status indicators
➢Health care delivery indicators
➢Utilization rates
➢Indicators of social and mental health
➢Environmental indicators
➢Socio-economic indicators
➢Health policy indicators
➢Indicators of ___________
➢Other indicators

Answer 11

Mortality indicators

Morbidity indicators

Disability rates

Nutritional status

quality of life

Question 12

Community Analysis
•Community analysis is the process of examining data to define _______- , _______, _______, _______, _______,
and _______ in the community.

Answer 12

needs ; strengths

barriers ; opportunities

readiness ; resources

Question 13

The product of community analysis is the “_______________”

Answer 13

community profile

Question 14

Types of community diagnosis

________ community diagnosis which aims to obtain ???

___________ community diagnosis that ???

Answer 14

Comprehensive; general information about the community

Problem oriented ; responds to a particular need

Question 15

Steps of Community Diagnosis

Steps in Implementation Phase
•.1- Determine the __________
• 2- Define the __________
• 3 - Determine the _______ to be collected
• 4- __________ the data
• 5- Developing the __________
6- Actual __________

Answer 15

objectives

study population

data ; Collecting the data

instruments

data gathering

Question 16

Steps in Implementation Phase

Developing the instruments:
• Survey ___________
• __________ guides
• ____________ checklist

Answer 16

Survey questionnaires

Interview guides

Observation checklist

Question 17

How to conduct the steps in implementation phase

Define the study population
Ward profile- population strata (ratio of __________ , _____ – ________, main
occupation), ______ level, availability of _________, proximity of community to ______________

Collection of data
Community mapping- identify boundaries, land area, keys
Ward Health Walk
◦ By committee members- to determine environmental ________ , availability of ________ , availability of ___________.

Answer 17

dependents ; men ; women,

literacy ; amenities

health facilities

sanitation ; water

health facilities.

Question 18

Gather information
◦ Key Informant Interviews, Focus Group Discussions.
◦ Gather information(______ needs)
◦ Conduct interviews with Community leaders, Teachers, Religious leaders, Health workers etc.
◦ Attend Community gatherings/meetings, Talk to people, Be observant(look at children), get local history
◦ Ensures interaction between the Community and the Health Worker

Answer 18

felt

Question 19

Community Mapping
•________ the map of your community and indicate areas with keys e.g. markets, schools, hospitals/clinics etc.
•Identify ______ preferred places in the community to talk to people about health service problems.
•Identify different ___________ to talk to about health service problems
•Identify households or groups of households that are considered ________ , or ___________.
•Identify _________, political, economic or social areas.

Answer 19

Draw ; 3

community groups

very poor ; hard to reach.

subdivisions

Question 20

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION
•Select the __________ and __________.
•Use guiding questions (flexibly or rigidly ?) .
•Start with greeting and then introduction.
•Be open minded.
•Carefully lead sensitive questions.
•If possible group people according to age and gender.
•__________ , don’t __________, respect peoples opinion.
•Learn from people, don’t push your ideas.
•Don’t let a few people ____________ the discussions.
•Summarize any action points that needs further discussions.

Answer 20

facilitator ; note taker.

flexibly ; Listen

interrupt ; dominate

Question 21

In-depth Interviews
•Select the interviewer and recorder.
•Select the key informant __________ to reflect diverse views and
points.
•________ the discussant.
•Get the discussant to ________.
•Explain why you want to interview them.
•Ask personal views and opinions.
•Reassure the discussant of ___________.
•Do not _________ the person while speaking and do not _______.
•_______ discussant after the interview.

Answer 21

key informant

Greet ; relax.

confidentiality.

interrupt ; argue.

Thank

Question 22

Community gatherings / dialogues

EXAMPLES OF GROUPS TO BE REPRESENTED AT THE COMMUNITY FORUM:
•Community Based Organisations (CBO) including
• _________ groups
• ________ including ________
• ________ and representatives of ________
•________ organisations/representatives
•________ groups and other marginalised/vulnerable members of the community
•The ________ members of the community
•Community volunteers involved in any community health promotion and demand activities (where they exist)
•Members of any Town Hall Association or Village Development Committee (VDC)
•Members of any existing Facility Health Committee (where one exists)
•Community members and their CBOs living in outlying settlements served by the health
facility

Answer 22

Religious ; Women ; traditional women

Youths ; youth

Disabled ; Minority ethnic

very poor

Question 23

Community Diagnosis :
Steps in Implementation Phase-cont.
• 7-Data __________ & Data __________
• 8- Data __________
• 9-Data __________
• 10- __________ identification
• 11- __________-setting

Answer 23

• 7-Data collection & Data summarization
• 8- Data Presentation
• 9-Data Analyses
• 10- Problem identification
• 11- Priority-setting

Question 24

Priority-setting in implementation phase of community diagnosis

• Nature of the condition/problem presented: Classified as __________ , __________ or __________ problems
• Magnitude of the problem: Severity of the problem which can be measured in terms of the _____________________ affected by the
problem

Answer 24

health status

health resources

health related

proportion of the population

Question 24

Priority-setting in implementation phase of community diagnosis • _________ of the problem • __________ potential • Social concern : Perception of the population or the community as they are affected by the problem and their readiness to act on the problem

Answer 24

Modifiability Preventive potential

Question 25

How to conduct the steps(3) Data analysis and dissemination of findings •Evaluate results to make diagnosis •Disseminate findings – Give feed back to • _________ • __________ leaders in the Community • ____________ based Organizations • The __________ • Health Professionals •Findings can be through- • Presentations at meetings of the health board • Press release • Thematic events such as health fair, conferences

Answer 25

Policy Makers Opinion leaders Community ; Community