An overview of Primary Health Care principles and practice Flashcards
(21 cards)
Function of health professionals must change from being _________ to __________
Challenge –enabling skills and methods are ____________________________
providers
enablers
not well understood and taught
Factors affecting health
• ———— factors
• ———— factors
• ———— factors
• ———— factors
• ———— factors
• Cultural factors
• Environmental factors
• Socio-economic factors
• Geographical factors
• Personal factors
Elements of PHC
There are 10🌚
• Immunisation
• Maternal &Child Health
• Nutrition
• Treatment of minor ailments
• Mental health
• Dental health
• Adequate safe water supply
• Basic Sanitation
• Health education –behaviour change
communication
• Prevention & control of local endemic
diseases
PHC important because…
It is able to respond to ____________________________________________, all of which impact health and well-being.Ensuring people and communities become participants in the production of their own health and well-being
rapid economic, technological, and demographic changes
Minimum standards for universal
access
__________ of services
__________ ________
_____________
Availability
Catchment area
Personnel
Challenges of implementation
_________________ to deliver services
__________ cooperation and collaboration
Community ___________
Organizational structure
Intersectoral
participation
Planning and allocation of resources
• Welfare or __________
• Curative or __________
• Sectoral or __________
• Federal or __________
• Urban or __________
• Top-down or __________
Interests
preventive
intersectoral
district
rural
bottom-up
Challenges in PHC planning at federal level???
The elements of PHC are scattered
in different ministries and agencies
Pathway to health equity
• Actions outside health
sector are needed (T/F)
•___________ collaboration is imperative
T
Intersectoral
Challenges of implementation
at community level
• Communities are not _________
• _________ and __________ are complex
• Social ties are ___________
• Existing ____________
• Single party states use ________
approaches
• Community participation reduced to _________
homogenous
Family values and loyalties
interdependent
power groups
top-down; tokenism
No room for “________ culture’ where the leader’s vision ________ and the others ________ or _______
Zeus
predominates
accept it or get out
What are their “Needs”?
Felt needs
Often may not reflect the ________ needs
Observed needs
From the assessment by ____________
observed
health workers
Barriers to service delivery
•___________________ gap between providers and users
•affinity for the _______ leads to ________ of services
•_____________ of health workers
social cultural cognitive
elite ; monopoly
non-motivation
Barriers to service delivery
• Lack of skills to advocate for a ___________________
• Inability to ‘ _______________ ‘
With the clients
better working conditions
communicate
Invisible challenges
Distribution of _______ to
match ————-
System of __________
Development of general orders and
procedures for _______________
Generating and sustaining organization ________.
Creating ___________ for bringing
about “__________ ’
___________ and _________
authority; responsibilities
record keeping
distribution of tasks
loyalty; shared vision ; change
Monitoring; supervision
Community mobilization
________ – develop a
psychological framework
Develop a _____________ reflecting (existing or new?) social
infrastructure
Dialogue
Existing
Community participation
• Bottom-up approach for ______________ and ___________
• Determines top-down __________ and ________
• Calls for a continuing process of _______, consensus __________ ,
organizational adaptation and change
identifying needs ; setting targets
decisions and actions
dialogue ; building,
M
Top-down approach
Handed down to local leaders for ‘_____________’ and ___________
• Services and materials are sent through _____________
• Officials not involved in ____________________.
rubber-stamping
implementation
community councils
community participation
Bottom-up approach
• Community participation is more likely to be higher when activities meet
‘————-’ community needs.
• Probability of (lesser or greater?) community support
felt
Greater
Strategies for successful participation
• Extensive use of local social organisations or informal networks
• Use of self-help or similar activities
• Strategies compatible with the local cultural pattern
• Radio forums and listening groups
• Health service activities which fit with
community health patterns
Yeah
Features of successful PHC
implementation
• ______-term commitments of ________ and ________ resources
• The planning process and decision–making reflected strong concern for ________________ status
• Strong element of ___________,
_________ of services and _________ in access to services
• Emphasis on (male or female?) education with equal opportunities for primary and secondary education
for (boys or girls?).
Long ; financial ; human
community health
community participation
availability ; equity
female ; girls
