NAVAIR 00-80R-14 (AIRCRAFT FIRE FIGHTING)

Question 1

What are the four requirements for compliance?

Answer 1

“Shall”
“Should”
“May”
“Will”

Question 2

Which class fire is known for burning wood and wood products, cloth, textiles and fibrous materials, paper and paper products) are extinguished with water in straight or fog pattern. If fire is deep seated, AFFF can be used as wetting agent.

Answer 2

Class A

Question 3

(gasoline, jet fuels, oil, and other flammable/combustible liquids) are extinguished with AFFF, Halon 1211, PKP, and CO2.

Answer 3

Class B

Question 4

Class of fire involves energized electrical equipment. Extinguishment tactics are: deenergize and treat as a Class A, B, or D fire; attack with application of non‐conductive agents (CO2, Halon 1211, PKP); or attack with application of fresh or salt water in fog patterns maintaining nozzle at least 4 feet from the energized object.

Answer 4

Class C

Question 5

Class of fire (combustible metals such as magnesium and titanium) are extinguished with water in large quantities such as high‐ velocity fog. When water is applied to burning material, there may be small explosions. The Firefighter should apply water from a safe distance or from behind shelter.

Answer 5

Class D

Question 6

Flash point is –50 F (–46C). The rate of flame spread has been calculated to be between 700 and 800 feet per minute. For other technical information on the fire hazard properties of aviation fuels, see Appendix B.

Answer 6

AVGAS

Question 7

This fuel is a blend of gasoline and kerosene and has a flashpoint from –10 F (–23 C). The rate of flame spread has also been calculated to be between 700 to 800 feet per minute. For other technical information on the fire hazard properties of aviation fuels, see Appendix B.

Answer 7

JP-4

Question 8

A kerosene grade with a flashpoint of 140 F (60 C). The rate of flame spread has been calculated to be in the order of 100 feet per minute. The lowest flashpoint considered safe for use aboard naval vessels is 140 F (60C). For other technical information on the fire hazard properties of aviation fuels, see Appendix B.

Answer 8

JP-5

Question 9

As little as a 2.5‐percent mixture of JP‐4, JP‐8, or commercial equivalents in JP‐5 greatly reduce the flashpoint below ____________.

Answer 9

-140 degrees

Question 10

A kerosene grade with a flashpoint of 100F (38 C). The rate of flame spread is in the order of 100 feet per minute. For other technical information on the fire hazard properties of aviation fuels, see Appendix B.

Answer 10

JP-8

Question 11

Fuel‐Air Mixtures

Answer 11

Although there are differences in the properties of the different fuels now in use, it must be emphasized that under aircraft crash impact conditions where fuel mists (fuel‐air mixture) are created, all of the fuels are easily and readily ignitable.

Question 12

Fuel Tank Fire with Explosive Suppressant Foam (ESF) Installed

Answer 12

A flexible polyether and polyster polyurethane foam installed in certain aircraft fuel cells to provide explosive protection from projectile penetration in a hostile environment. If ignited, when exposed to an enveloping fuel fire, it may melt producing flammable liquids.

Question 13

Rocket Engines (JATO)

Answer 13

Also known as “jet‐assisted takeoff.” If this type of rocket engine is surrounded by fire, extreme care shall be used in approaching the area. No attempt should be made to extinguish the rocket engine if it ignites. These engines burn very intensely for a short time.

Question 14

Hydrazine

Answer 14

A clear, oily, waterlike liquid with an odor similar to that of ammonia. Hydrazine will readily ignite when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizing agents. The flashpoint is 126_F (52_C). As opposed to liquid form, hydrazine vapors are much more sensitive to electrical sparks, embers, flame, etc.

Question 15

Oxygen Systems

Answer 15

Can present hazardous conditions to Firefighters during an emergency. Liquid oxygen is a light blue liquid that flows like water and is extremely cold. It boils into gaseous oxygen at –297_F (–183_C) and has an expansion rate of approximately 860 to 1. Liquid oxygen is a strong oxidizer and, though in itself it is nonflammable, it vigorously supports combustion.

Question 16

Anti‐Icing Fluids

Answer 16

Usually a mixture of about 85‐percent alcohol and 15‐percent glycerin. While not as great as other aircraft hazards, it should be remembered that the alcohol used in aircraft anti‐icing systems burns with an almost invisible flame. The best method of control is by dilution with water.

Question 17

Explosive Suppressant Foam

Answer 17

When aircraft fuel cells equipped with ESF burn they produce potentially toxic gases. These gases include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, cyanides, and nitrous oxides. It is therefore necessary that firefighting and rescue personnel in the immediate vicinity, or downwind of burning ESF be equipped with a self‐contained breathing apparatus. Burning produces toxic gases, intense heat, and dense smoke. What is ESF?

Question 18

THERMAL RUNAWAY

Answer 18

Alkaline or nickel‐cadmium batteries may experience an overheated condition resulting from internal shorting or ____________________. The overheated battery presents a hazardous condition to both aircraft and personnel. When an overheated battery is detected, the crash crew should open the battery compartment, check for the following conditions, and take the action indicated.

Question 19

Lithium Batteries

Answer 19

If damaged or abused, these batteries can rupture or vent. Case rupture or vent may include evolution of large amounts of gas, particulate matter, and fire. Gases released during an intentional or unintentional venting are noxious and can be lethal.

Question 20

Hypergolic Mixtures

Answer 20

Are used as propellants for rockets and missiles

Question 21

How Many types of Hypergolic mixtures are there?

Answer 21

Four

NAVAIR 00‐80R‐14….. 2.6.2

Question 22

Otto Fuel

Answer 22

A stable liquid mono‐propellant used in the propulsion of the MK 46 Torpedo. Both the MK 46 torpedo and the MK 60 Captor Mine contain it.

Question 23

Lithium

Answer 23

The propulsion agent for the conventional warhead MK‐50 torpedo, may be present at the site of nuclear weapons mishaps. The MK‐50 can be launched from ships (FFG‐7, DD‐963) and aircraft (helicopters, S3 fixed‐wing); and thus is a potential hazard at shore airfields and as a fly‐on hazard for most air‐capable/aviation ships.

Question 24

WARNING

Answer 24

Burning lithium in direct contact with an aluminum deck can melt through the deck. A 3/8‐inch aluminum plate burns through in less than 3‐1/2 minutes. Burning lithium on a steel deck may cause warping or cracking of a light‐weight deck which is not being cooled with water. A fire watch should be placed in the area immediately below the burning lithium. To forestall damage to the deck, apply water to the underside of a hot deck immediately beneath the lithium.

Question 25

Fluoroelastomer (Viton)

Answer 25

A vulcanizing compound that may be found in small quantities throughout the aircraft. In small quantities, it poses no significant threat to firefighting or salvage personnel. However, aircraft such as the F/A‐18s do contain substantial amounts of it.

Question 26

Carbon/Graphite Fibers

Answer 26

Reinforced with carbon/graphite fibers provide superior stiffness, high strength‐to‐ weight ratio, and ease of fabrication. As a result, this material is being used in advanced aircraft to replace heavier metal components.

Question 27

Boron/Tungsten Fibers

Answer 27

Composite materials that are reinforced with boron fibers provide superior stiffness, high strength‐to‐weight ratio, and ease of fabrication. As a result, this material is being used in advance aircraft to replace heavier metal components.

Question 28

AMERICIUM 241

Answer 28

A product of plutonium and has many of the same associated hazards. Emits potentially hazardous amounts of Alpha and Gamma radiation. Alpha emittance is approximately 5 MeV; Gamma emittance is approximately 60 KeV.

Question 29

AM‐241 is found in the laser optical module of the laser transceiver carried in the what?

Answer 29

Forward‐looking infrared (FLIR) pod on the F/A‐18A/B/C/D aircraft. The FLIR pod is a self‐contained system designed to mount on the fuselage over weapons station No. 4. The pod is 13′′ 72′′ and weighs approximately 358 pounds.

Question 30

Beryllium

Answer 30

A light, gray‐white nonradioactive, hard and brittle metal that resembles magnesium and may be found on some aircraft.

Question 31

Lead

Answer 31

It’s compounds are toxic. Enters the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption.

Question 32

Chapter 555,Shipboard Firefighting contains what?

Answer 32

Information, including sketches and diagrams, extinguishing agents and systems, and portable equipment. Shore‐based fire departments, and supporting ships or aviation units shall each maintain a copy in their ready reference libraries.

Question 33

AQUEOUS FILM FORMING FOAM (AFFF)

Answer 33

This liquid concentrates consist primarily of synthetic fluorocarbon surfactant materials that are noncorrosive and have an unlimited shelf life when stored in a protected area where the temperatures may range from 32_F (0_C) to 120_F (48_C).

Question 34

WARNING

Answer 34

Periodic reapplication of AFFF is essential to avoid reflash when working in and around crashed aircraft.

Question 35

Navy Shipboard Vari‐Nozzles

Answer 35

Used on both saltwater and AFFF hose lines on ships is referred to as the vari‐nozzle. The vari‐nozzle is available in three sizes; a 95 gallon per minute (GPM) with a 1‐1/2′′ national pipe straight hose (NPSH) threaded inlet, a 125 GPM with a 1‐1/2′′ NPSH inlet, and a 250 GPM with a 2‐1/2′′ national hose (NH) threaded inlet.

Question 36

Wand Extension for Primary Airfield Extinguishers

Answer 36

At V‐22 aircraft shore‐based activities, ARFF organizations are required to procure and utilize wand extensions for the 150‐pound, wheeled Halon 1211 fire extinguishers.

Question 37

Inspection, Maintenance, and Hydrostatic Tests

Answer 37

The Fire Chief/ARFF Officer shall be responsible for ensuring that the required NFPA Standard 10 inspection(s), maintenance, and hydrostatic test(s) are completed on all airfield extinguishers.

Question 38

Inspection

Answer 38

Extinguishers shall be inspected daily by the using activity in accordance with local fire department instructions.

Question 39

Halon 1211 (Bromochlorodifluoromethane)

Answer 39

These extinguishers are intended primarily for use on Class B and C fires; however, it is effective on Class A fires. It is a colorless, faintly sweet smelling, electrically nonconductive gas that leaves no residue to clean up.

Question 40

Hydrostatic Tests

Answer 40

If at any time an extinguisher shows evidence of corrosion or mechanical damage, it shall be subjected to a ________________pressure test in accordance with the procedures set forth in NFPA Fire Codes, Standard 10.

Question 41

WARNING

Answer 41

Do not use Halon 1211 on Class D fires. It has no blanketing effect and, if it reaches a Class D fire in the liquid state, the possibility of an explosive reaction exists.

Question 42

Halon 1211 discharge

Answer 42

Discharge range of 10 to 30 feet, depending on ambient conditions, and a discharge time of 15 to 40 seconds, depending on the extinguisher size and application rate.

Question 43

Purple‐K‐Powder Dry Chemical Powder Extinguishers

Answer 43

These extinguishers are intended primarily for use on Class B fires. The principal base chemical used in the production of this dry chemical agent is potassium bicarbonate.

Question 44

These extinguishers have a discharge range of approximately 10 to 40 feet, depending on extinguisher size. Discharge time varies from 8 to 60 seconds. When used on flammable liquid fires, the stream should be directed at the base of the flame, gradually moving toward the back of the fire while sweeping the nozzle rapidly from side to side.

Answer 44

Purple‐K‐Powder Dry Chemical Powder Extinguishers

Question 45

Proximity Fire Fighting Protective Ensemble (PFFPE)

Answer 45

Aircraft firefighting/rescue protective clothing is a prime safety consideration for personnel engaged in firefighting and rescue work.

Question 46

Care of PFFPE Helmet Faceshield

Answer 46

The gold‐coated faceshield is a reflective heat shield. The faceshield is not a sun shield. This item should be kept in excellent condition to maintain the radiated heat‐reflective efficiency. In particular, when the faceshield’s gold surface becomes worn, scratched, or marred, 90 percent of the heat protection is lost and the faceshield should be replaced immediately.

Question 47

Back‐Up Ready Stock of PFFPE Sets

Answer 47

Shorebased Fire departments/ARFF units should maintain a backup ready stock of PFFPE of approximately 30 percent of total unit requirements.

Question 48

A/S32P‐25 Firefighting Vehicle

Answer 48

a self‐propelled firefighting vehicle designed for shipboard flight deck use. The vehicle is a two‐wheel drive, diesel powered vehicle with overall dimensions of 64 x 70 x 190 inches and a gross vehicle weight of 18,850 pounds. Dynamic vehicle braking is provided by a hydrostatic drive system when the accelerator pedal is released. The vehicle’s engine is a turbocharged, two‐cycle, six cylinders, liquid cooled, forced air induction diesel engine (Detroit Diesel Model 6V‐53TA) with a displacement of 318 cubic inches, 237 BHP at 2,800 rpm. The hydraulic system provides pressure to the drive system, firefighting system, proportioning system and steering system. The firefighting system consists of two separate tanks within the vehicle’s chassis; the water tank holds 750 gallons and the AFFF tank holds 60 gallons. There are three 20‐pound 1211 fire extinguishers stored on the right side of the vehicle. One nursing line connection on each side of the vehicle allows the ships mixed AFFF system to flow directly to the vehicle’s water pump, bypassing the water tank. The firefighting delivery system consists of a turret with a maximum flow rate of 500 gpm and a 1‐1/2 inch, 100 foot handline with a 95‐gpm nozzle.

Question 49

Oshkosh T‐Series Vehicles (7160 and 7190)

Answer 49

are diesel‐powered trucks with an automatic transmission. The operator controls consist of power‐assisted steering, air/mechanical brakes, transmission range selector, and in‐cab controls for operating the firefighting system. The water storage tank has a capacity of 3,000/1,500/1,000 gallons respectively, with a separate AFFF concentrate tank. The water pump is single‐stage centrifugal with an around‐the‐pump proportioning system, preset to either 3 percent or 6 percent. The roof turret is a non‐aspirating type, power assist with manual override controls. The roof turret has variable discharge rate and a variable pattern from straight stream to fully dispersed. The bumper turret is joystick controlled and has a variable pattern. Two pre‐connected hand lines are provided.

Question 50

Twin Agent Unit

Answer 50

TAU series of fire extinguishers are dual agent apparatus designed primarily for extinguishing Class B fires and are normally employed aboard ship, at hot refueling sites, or as a vehicle‐mounted TAU. The TAU is a self‐contained unit consisting of a framework with two agent tanks, one containing an AFFF premixed solution and the other containing either PKP or Halon 1211. The TAU employs a noncollapsible dual hose line encased in a cotton jacket and normally mounted on a reel. The fire extinguishing agents are propelled by nitrogen supplied from one or two pressurized cylinders that are mounted on the framework. Extinguishment is obtained by applying agents in a sweeping motion using the chemical agent (PKP or Halon 1211) to gain initial extinguishment, followed by application of AFFF to blanket the combustible liquid and preclude reignition. TAUs are available in the various configurations described below.

Question 51

What are some of the tools found when referring to Emergency Rescue Equipment.

Answer 51

1. “Jaws of life” or equivalent
2. Power cutting saw
3. Hydraulic port‐a‐power
4. Exhaust fans/smoke ejector
5. Air chisel
6. Fire blankets
7. Portable generator system with floodlighting capacity 8. Chain saws
8. Down locks (for each type aircraft assigned)
9. Air bag rescue and lifting system
10. Ejection safety pins (aircraft normally supported)
11. Twenty‐pound (or larger) Class “D” fire extinguisher.

Question 52

Back‐Up Ready Stock of PFFPE Sets

Answer 52

Shorebased Fire departments/ARFF units should maintain a backup ready stock of PFFPE of approximately 30 percent of total unit requirements.

Question 53

A/S32P‐25 Firefighting Vehicle

Answer 53

a self‐propelled firefighting vehicle designed for shipboard flight deck use. The vehicle is a two‐wheel drive, diesel powered vehicle with overall dimensions of 64 x 70 x 190 inches and a gross vehicle weight of 18,850 pounds. Dynamic vehicle braking is provided by a hydrostatic drive system when the accelerator pedal is released. The vehicle’s engine is a turbocharged, two‐cycle, six cylinders, liquid cooled, forced air induction diesel engine (Detroit Diesel Model 6V‐53TA) with a displacement of 318 cubic inches, 237 BHP at 2,800 rpm. The hydraulic system provides pressure to the drive system, firefighting system, proportioning system and steering system. The firefighting system consists of two separate tanks within the vehicle’s chassis; the water tank holds 750 gallons and the AFFF tank holds 60 gallons. There are three 20‐pound 1211 fire extinguishers stored on the right side of the vehicle. One nursing line connection on each side of the vehicle allows the ships mixed AFFF system to flow directly to the vehicle’s water pump, bypassing the water tank. The firefighting delivery system consists of a turret with a maximum flow rate of 500 gpm and a 1‐1/2 inch, 100 foot handline with a 95‐gpm nozzle.

Question 54

Oshkosh T‐Series Vehicles (7160 and 7190)

Answer 54

are diesel‐powered trucks with an automatic transmission. The operator controls consist of power‐assisted steering, air/mechanical brakes, transmission range selector, and in‐cab controls for operating the firefighting system. The water storage tank has a capacity of 3,000/1,500/1,000 gallons respectively, with a separate AFFF concentrate tank. The water pump is single‐stage centrifugal with an around‐the‐pump proportioning system, preset to either 3 percent or 6 percent. The roof turret is a non‐aspirating type, power assist with manual override controls. The roof turret has variable discharge rate and a variable pattern from straight stream to fully dispersed. The bumper turret is joystick controlled and has a variable pattern. Two pre‐connected hand lines are provided.

Question 55

Twin Agent Unit

Answer 55

TAU series of fire extinguishers are dual agent apparatus designed primarily for extinguishing Class B fires and are normally employed aboard ship, at hot refueling sites, or as a vehicle‐mounted TAU. The TAU is a self‐contained unit consisting of a framework with two agent tanks, one containing an AFFF premixed solution and the other containing either PKP or Halon 1211. The TAU employs a noncollapsible dual hose line encased in a cotton jacket and normally mounted on a reel. The fire extinguishing agents are propelled by nitrogen supplied from one or two pressurized cylinders that are mounted on the framework. Extinguishment is obtained by applying agents in a sweeping motion using the chemical agent (PKP or Halon 1211) to gain initial extinguishment, followed by application of AFFF to blanket the combustible liquid and preclude reignition. TAUs are available in the various configurations described below.

Question 56

What are some of the tools found when referring to Emergency Rescue Equipment.

Answer 56

1. “Jaws of life” or equivalent
2. Power cutting saw
3. Hydraulic port‐a‐power
4. Exhaust fans/smoke ejector
5. Air chisel
6. Fire blankets
7. Portable generator system with floodlighting capacity 8. Chain saws
8. Down locks (for each type aircraft assigned)
9. Air bag rescue and lifting system
10. Ejection safety pins (aircraft normally supported)
11. Twenty‐pound (or larger) Class “D” fire extinguisher.

Question 57

Back‐Up Ready Stock of PFFPE Sets

Answer 57

Shorebased Fire departments/ARFF units should maintain a backup ready stock of PFFPE of approximately 30 percent of total unit requirements.

Question 58

A/S32P‐25 Firefighting Vehicle

Answer 58

a self‐propelled firefighting vehicle designed for shipboard flight deck use. The vehicle is a two‐wheel drive, diesel powered vehicle with overall dimensions of 64 x 70 x 190 inches and a gross vehicle weight of 18,850 pounds. Dynamic vehicle braking is provided by a hydrostatic drive system when the accelerator pedal is released. The vehicle’s engine is a turbocharged, two‐cycle, six cylinders, liquid cooled, forced air induction diesel engine (Detroit Diesel Model 6V‐53TA) with a displacement of 318 cubic inches, 237 BHP at 2,800 rpm. The hydraulic system provides pressure to the drive system, firefighting system, proportioning system and steering system. The firefighting system consists of two separate tanks within the vehicle’s chassis; the water tank holds 750 gallons and the AFFF tank holds 60 gallons. There are three 20‐pound 1211 fire extinguishers stored on the right side of the vehicle. One nursing line connection on each side of the vehicle allows the ships mixed AFFF system to flow directly to the vehicle’s water pump, bypassing the water tank. The firefighting delivery system consists of a turret with a maximum flow rate of 500 gpm and a 1‐1/2 inch, 100 foot handline with a 95‐gpm nozzle.

Question 59

Oshkosh T‐Series Vehicles (7160 and 7190)

Answer 59

are diesel‐powered trucks with an automatic transmission. The operator controls consist of power‐assisted steering, air/mechanical brakes, transmission range selector, and in‐cab controls for operating the firefighting system. The water storage tank has a capacity of 3,000/1,500/1,000 gallons respectively, with a separate AFFF concentrate tank. The water pump is single‐stage centrifugal with an around‐the‐pump proportioning system, preset to either 3 percent or 6 percent. The roof turret is a non‐aspirating type, power assist with manual override controls. The roof turret has variable discharge rate and a variable pattern from straight stream to fully dispersed. The bumper turret is joystick controlled and has a variable pattern. Two pre‐connected hand lines are provided.

Question 60

Twin Agent Unit

Answer 60

TAU series of fire extinguishers are dual agent apparatus designed primarily for extinguishing Class B fires and are normally employed aboard ship, at hot refueling sites, or as a vehicle‐mounted TAU. The TAU is a self‐contained unit consisting of a framework with two agent tanks, one containing an AFFF premixed solution and the other containing either PKP or Halon 1211. The TAU employs a noncollapsible dual hose line encased in a cotton jacket and normally mounted on a reel. The fire extinguishing agents are propelled by nitrogen supplied from one or two pressurized cylinders that are mounted on the framework. Extinguishment is obtained by applying agents in a sweeping motion using the chemical agent (PKP or Halon 1211) to gain initial extinguishment, followed by application of AFFF to blanket the combustible liquid and preclude reignition. TAUs are available in the various configurations described below.

Question 61

What are some of the tools found when referring to Emergency Rescue Equipment.

Answer 61

1. “Jaws of life” or equivalent
2. Power cutting saw
3. Hydraulic port‐a‐power
4. Exhaust fans/smoke ejector
5. Air chisel
6. Fire blankets
7. Portable generator system with floodlighting capacity 8. Chain saws
8. Down locks (for each type aircraft assigned)
9. Air bag rescue and lifting system
10. Ejection safety pins (aircraft normally supported)
11. Twenty‐pound (or larger) Class “D” fire extinguisher.

Question 62

Crash Grid Map System

Answer 62

a uniform alphanumeric system superimposed on an aerial photo or local base area map shall be maintained by each fire department and ARFF branch.

Question 63

Basic Vehicle Spotting Procedures

Answer 63

the nose or tail of the involved aircraft. This position affords the most advantageous location to provide coverage in the control area along both sides of the fuselage.

Question 64

Use the Wind

Answer 64

Unless conditions dictate otherwise, position vehicles and attack from upwind. This position affords several advantages. For example, it is easier to identify the seat of the fire, personnel are subjected to less heat and smoke, and fuel vapors, ignited or not, will drift away in the wind.

Question 65

Ordnance Stores

Answer 65

On aircraft carrying air‐launch weapons, the basic vehicle spotting position should be adjusted to keep vehicles from being in the line of fire or the exhaust blast areas. In this case, the attack would be from the quarters with attention directed at expanding the control area to indicate application of agent to cool the air‐launch weapons.

Question 66

Attack from Uphill

Answer 66

Wherever possible, attack from uphill. Liquid fuels or their flammable vapors flow to lower elevations.

Question 67

Initial Attack

Answer 67

The initial attack begins during the approach of firefighting vehicles using the roof turrets and bumper nozzles as soon as the vehicles are within range of the fuel spill and/or aircraft. Turret operators adjust the turret from straight stream to a dispersed pattern, depending on reach required. A dispersed pattern that will reach the seat of the fire covers a larger area in a shorter period of time. Sweeping the turret from side to side also contributes to quickly covering a larger area of fire.

Question 68

Handlines

Answer 68

Handlines are provided on all aircraft firefighting and rescue vehicles. Handlines are used to control and extinguish fires in shadow areas in and around the fuselage that are not extinguished by the turret. Handlines are also used to extinguish interior cabin fires and for cooling fuselage and ordnance.

Question 69

Using Vehicle‐Mounted Twin Agent Unit

Answer 69

The vehicle approaches from upwind and is positioned to facilitate pulling the nozzles and hoses from the rear. The nozzle person advances toward the fire, directing chemical agent (AFFF, Halon 1211 or PKP, as available) at the base and then coating the area with AFFF to prevent reflash. When headway on the fire is gained, the nozzle person advances, making a rescue path by sweeping from side to side using chemical agent and AFFF. The fast action of the chemical agent and the excellent holding qualities of AFFF will enable the nozzle persons to advance. After the rescue path has been opened, the nozzle person continues to extinguish fire that may hinder rescue or, if rescue has been accomplished, continues toward total extinguishmen

Question 70

V‐22 Aircraft Engine Compartment and Midwing Compartment Fires

Answer 70

In the landing position, the V‐22 main rotors and engines are in the vertical position. In this position, extinguisher agent access can not be reached from the deck level with a handheld extinguisher. A Fire Fighting Access Panel (FFAP) at the forward base of the nacelle can be use to apply agent into the nacelle by means of a fire extinguisher extension wand. The midwing also has a FFAP that can be reached with the extension wands. In the event a fire occurs in either compartment, which is not extinguished by the onboard fire extinguishing systems, fire extinguishing agent shall be directed into the affected compartment through the access panels by use of the extension wand.

Question 71

Shore‐Based Wand

Answer 71

A manned primary airfield extinguisher (wheeled flightline extinguisher) positioned about the aircraft to serve as the initial ground firefighting response shall be equipped with the wand extension

Question 72

Shipboard Wand

Answer 72

All aviation ships with V‐22 operations are required to procure and utilize wand extensions for 15‐pound CO2 handheld fire extinguishers.

Question 73

INTERNAL ENGINE FIRES

Answer 73

Internal engine fires usually result when residual fuel is dumped into the engine on shutdown. If starting equipment and qualified starting personnel are immediately available, these fires may be controlled by windmilling the engine. If this procedure fails or equipment and personnel are not available, an extinguishing agent must be directed into the engine. Halon 1211 or CO2 is the primary agent for internal engine fires. Application of Halon 1211 or CO2 must be accomplished at a distance so that the Halon 1211 or CO2 enters the fire area in gaseous form.

Question 74

CAUTION!!!

Answer 74

When CO2 or Halon 1211 is expelled directly into an engine, thermal shock may result causing engine damage.

High bypass turbofan engines require unique techniques to extinguish engine core fires.

Question 75

S‐3B Aircraft Engine Fires

Answer 75

Halon 1211 or CO2 may be introduced to the engine accessory section through the engine trim access door on the port side of the engine.

Question 76

NOTE!

Answer 76

On the S-3B a flathead screwdriver will be required to open the engine trim access doors there are four screws. Each screw has to be turned two times to open the door.

Question 77

Handlines

Answer 77

Handlines are provided on all aircraft firefighting and rescue vehicles. Handlines are used to control and extinguish fires in shadow areas in and around the fuselage that are not extinguished by the turret. Handlines are also used to extinguish interior cabin fires and for cooling fuselage and ordnance.

Question 78

Using Vehicle‐Mounted Twin Agent Unit

Answer 78

The vehicle approaches from upwind and is positioned to facilitate pulling the nozzles and hoses from the rear. The nozzle person advances toward the fire, directing chemical agent (AFFF, Halon 1211 or PKP, as available) at the base and then coating the area with AFFF to prevent reflash. When headway on the fire is gained, the nozzle person advances, making a rescue path by sweeping from side to side using chemical agent and AFFF. The fast action of the chemical agent and the excellent holding qualities of AFFF will enable the nozzle persons to advance. After the rescue path has been opened, the nozzle person continues to extinguish fire that may hinder rescue or, if rescue has been accomplished, continues toward total extinguishmen

Question 79

V‐22 Aircraft Engine Compartment and Midwing Compartment Fires

Answer 79

In the landing position, the V‐22 main rotors and engines are in the vertical position. In this position, extinguisher agent access can not be reached from the deck level with a handheld extinguisher. A Fire Fighting Access Panel (FFAP) at the forward base of the nacelle can be use to apply agent into the nacelle by means of a fire extinguisher extension wand. The midwing also has a FFAP that can be reached with the extension wands. In the event a fire occurs in either compartment, which is not extinguished by the onboard fire extinguishing systems, fire extinguishing agent shall be directed into the affected compartment through the access panels by use of the extension wand.

Question 80

Shore‐Based Wand

Answer 80

A manned primary airfield extinguisher (wheeled flightline extinguisher) positioned about the aircraft to serve as the initial ground firefighting response shall be equipped with the wand extension

Question 81

Shipboard Wand

Answer 81

All aviation ships with V‐22 operations are required to procure and utilize wand extensions for 15‐pound CO2 handheld fire extinguishers.

Question 82

INTERNAL ENGINE FIRES

Answer 82

Internal engine fires usually result when residual fuel is dumped into the engine on shutdown. If starting equipment and qualified starting personnel are immediately available, these fires may be controlled by windmilling the engine. If this procedure fails or equipment and personnel are not available, an extinguishing agent must be directed into the engine. Halon 1211 or CO2 is the primary agent for internal engine fires. Application of Halon 1211 or CO2 must be accomplished at a distance so that the Halon 1211 or CO2 enters the fire area in gaseous form.

Question 83

CAUTION!!!

Answer 83

When CO2 or Halon 1211 is expelled directly into an engine, thermal shock may result causing engine damage.

High bypass turbofan engines require unique techniques to extinguish engine core fires.

Question 84

S‐3B Aircraft Engine Fires

Answer 84

Halon 1211 or CO2 may be introduced to the engine accessory section through the engine trim access door on the port side of the engine.

Question 85

NOTE!

Answer 85

On the S-3B a flathead screwdriver will be required to open the engine trim access doors there are four screws. Each screw has to be turned two times to open the door.