Neoplasia 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
what is the definition of a “neoplasia”?
“new growth” - loss of responsiveness to normal growth controls
Neoplasms behave as _______, competing with normal cells
parasites
_________ is the study of neoplasms
oncology
the term “malignant” is also known as what?
cancer
Most benign tumors are designated by attaching the suffix “______” to their cell type of origin
- oma
e. g., fibroma, osteoma
what is a “Adenoma”?
benign gland-forming epithelial tumor or tumor derived from glandular tissue
what is a papilloma?
- benign surface epithelial tumor
- characterized by numerous finger-like (papillary) projections
a __________ is a proliferation of tissue normally found at that site
Hamartoma
___________ are collections of tissue not normally found in that anatomic site - “heterotopic rest”
Choristoma
what is a “teratoma”?
neoplasm derived from more than one germ layer
Mesenchymal malignancies are termed “_________”
sarcomas
-e.g., fibrosarcoma or osteosarcoma
Epithelial malignancies are termed “_________”
carcinoma
- e.g., squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma
what does “differentiation” refer to in respect to neoplasms?
refers to how well the parenchymal cells of the neoplasm resemble their normal tissue of origin
________ tumors almost always closely resemble normal tissue microscopically
benign
Malignant tumors may have a wide range of ___________
differentiation
what is the difference between high-grade, and low-grade, malignancies?
low-grade: resemble normal tissue to a large extent
high-grade: poorly-differentiated malignancies are termed “anaplastic”
what is the definition of “Anaplasia”?
- Malignancies composed of poorly differentiated cells
- most extreme disturbance in cell growth and differentiation
name the features of Anaplasias
Malignancies composed of poorly differentiated cells:
- pleomorphism
- nuclear hyperchromatism and variation in nuclear size and shape
- numerous and atypical mitoses
___________ are disorderly, but non-neoplastic growth or proliferation
dysplasias
T/F: dysplasias have the potential to become invasive carcinomas
True
____________ malignancies can also grow relatively slowly, while _________________ lesions tend to grow rapidly
Well-differentiated
poorly-differentiated
Some tumors outgrow their blood supply, resulting in areas of what?
ischemic necrosis
how do malignancies grow?
grow by:
- infiltration
- invasion
- destruction of surrounding tissue
Malignancies lack well-defined ______
capsules
