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Flashcards in Neoplasia 1 Deck (30)
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1
Q

what is the definition of a “neoplasia”?

A

“new growth” - loss of responsiveness to normal growth controls

2
Q

Neoplasms behave as _______, competing with normal cells

A

parasites

3
Q

_________ is the study of neoplasms

A

oncology

4
Q

the term “malignant” is also known as what?

A

cancer

5
Q

Most benign tumors are designated by attaching the suffix “______” to their cell type of origin

A
  • oma

e. g., fibroma, osteoma

6
Q

what is a “Adenoma”?

A

benign gland-forming epithelial tumor or tumor derived from glandular tissue

7
Q

what is a papilloma?

A
  • benign surface epithelial tumor

- characterized by numerous finger-like (papillary) projections

8
Q

a __________ is a proliferation of tissue normally found at that site

A

Hamartoma

9
Q

___________ are collections of tissue not normally found in that anatomic site - “heterotopic rest”

A

Choristoma

10
Q

what is a “teratoma”?

A

neoplasm derived from more than one germ layer

11
Q

Mesenchymal malignancies are termed “_________”

A

sarcomas

-e.g., fibrosarcoma or osteosarcoma

12
Q

Epithelial malignancies are termed “_________”

A

carcinoma

  • e.g., squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma
13
Q

what does “differentiation” refer to in respect to neoplasms?

A

refers to how well the parenchymal cells of the neoplasm resemble their normal tissue of origin

14
Q

________ tumors almost always closely resemble normal tissue microscopically

A

benign

15
Q

Malignant tumors may have a wide range of ___________

A

differentiation

16
Q

what is the difference between high-grade, and low-grade, malignancies?

A

low-grade: resemble normal tissue to a large extent

high-grade: poorly-differentiated malignancies are termed “anaplastic”

17
Q

what is the definition of “Anaplasia”?

A
  • Malignancies composed of poorly differentiated cells

- most extreme disturbance in cell growth and differentiation

18
Q

name the features of Anaplasias

A

Malignancies composed of poorly differentiated cells:

  • pleomorphism
  • nuclear hyperchromatism and variation in nuclear size and shape
  • numerous and atypical mitoses
19
Q

___________ are disorderly, but non-neoplastic growth or proliferation

A

dysplasias

20
Q

T/F: dysplasias have the potential to become invasive carcinomas

A

True

21
Q

____________ malignancies can also grow relatively slowly, while _________________ lesions tend to grow rapidly

A

Well-differentiated

poorly-differentiated

22
Q

Some tumors outgrow their blood supply, resulting in areas of what?

A

ischemic necrosis

23
Q

how do malignancies grow?

A

grow by:
- infiltration

  • invasion
  • destruction of surrounding tissue
24
Q

Malignancies lack well-defined ______

A

capsules

25
Q

what is the MOST RELIABLE FEATURE for distinguishing malignant from benign tumors�

A

Local invasiveness

26
Q

what is a Seminoma ?

A

testicular malignancy

27
Q

____________ is the name given to pleural malignancies

A

mesothelioma

28
Q

The most severe form of epithelial dysplasia is referred to as ______________

A

carcinoma-in-situ

29
Q

what are the characteristics of Carcinoma-in-situ?

A
  • has all of the microscopic features of cancer

BUT

  • the atypical cells have not invaded into the host.
30
Q

Hemangiomas and neurofibromas are unique benign neoplasms because they lack __________

A

a capsule