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Pharmacology > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

2 parts of the PNS?

A

Afferent nerves (sensory)
Efferent nerves (motor)

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3
Q

characteristics of a neuron?

A
  • highly specialised
  • surrounded by myelin sheath
  • used for communication
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4
Q

what produces myelin?

A

PNS - schwann cells
CNS - oligodendrocytes

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5
Q

components of a neuron and their functions

A

Body (soma) = control centre, nucleus
Dendrite = branch that receives impulses
Axons = axonal hillock, transmits signals

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6
Q

what are nerves?

A
  • bundle of fibres
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7
Q

What is the resting potential of a neuron?

A

-70mV

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8
Q

Which way do action potentials travel?

A

From dendrites to axons

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9
Q

What are nerve impulses?

A

A change in membrane potential which allows signalling or excitation

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10
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Where one neurone meets another

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11
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

Chemical signal triggered by an action potential

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12
Q

How does depolarisation of nerves occur?

A

Impulse reaches pre-synapse and binds to post-synaptic receptors

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13
Q

What is summation?

A

Combination/sum of all graded potentials in the post-synaptic neuron

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14
Q

what do nerves do?

A
  • sends impulses from CNS to body
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15
Q

what is the epineurium?

A

layer that covers each nerve by connective tissue

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16
Q

what is the perineurium?

A

complete sleeve around the axon bundle

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17
Q

what is the endoneurium?

A

covers each fibre, fluid

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18
Q

what is the fascicle (PNS) and tract (CNS)?

A

small bundle of axons

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19
Q

2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

somatic and autonomic

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20
Q

2 parts of the autonomic system?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

21
Q

what are astrocytes?

A

physical barrier that support neurones

22
Q

what do astrocytes do?

A

enable homeostasis and reuptake of neurotransmitters

23
Q

what are microglia?

A

immune cells of the brain

24
Q

3 types of functional neurones?

A

afferent (sensory)
efferent (motor)
interneurons

25
Q

what do afferent neurones do?

A

send signals from periphery to CNS (Sense)

26
Q

what do efferent neurones do?

A

send signals from CNS to muscles/skin (respond)

27
Q

what do interneurons do?

A

connect brain and spinal cord in CNS

28
Q

what do nerves do?

A

conduct impulses between brain/spinal cord and body

29
Q

what does an action potential change the membrane potential to?

A

+30mV

30
Q

how are electrical impulses formed?

A

by ions moving into the neuron

31
Q

what does dendritic depolarisation do?

A

opens voltage gated sodium channels

32
Q

why can an action potential only move one way?

A

change in membrane potential causes more Na+ channels to open
channels behind the Ap become inactive

33
Q

what is the grey matter of the brain?

A

cortex containing nerve cell bodies

34
Q

what is the white matter of the brain?

A

axons

35
Q

what does the brain stem control?

A

involuntary functions, blood pressure, breathing

36
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

co-ordinates balance and movement

37
Q

what does the diencephalon control?

A

homeostasis

38
Q

what is the basal ganglia for?

A

motor control

39
Q

2 parts of limbic system?

A

amygdala - emotion and memory
hippocampus - learning and memory

40
Q

3 parts of the cerebrum?

A

basal ganglia
limbic system
pituitary gland

41
Q

where do sensory nerves enter spinal cord?

A

dorsal root

42
Q

where do motor nerves enter spinal cord?

A

enteral root

43
Q

what are peripheral nerves?

A

nerves that branch off from spinal cord

44
Q

what do visceral sensory neurons monitor?

A

pain, temp, irritation

45
Q

what is visceral reflex?

A

reflex arc of autonomic nervous system

46
Q

effector neurotransmitter of sympathetic system?

A

noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

47
Q

effector neurotransmitter of parasympathetic system?

A

acetylcholine

48
Q

what class are the postganglionic nerves in the sympathetic system?

A

adrenergic

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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