Respiratory system

Question 1

4 parts of the upper system?

Answer 1

nose, nasopharynx, pharynx, larynx

Question 2

4 parts of the lower system?

Answer 2

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 3

external respiration?

Answer 3

act of breathing

Question 4

internal respiration?

Answer 4

use of o2 in cells

Question 5

3 respiratory muscles?

Answer 5

diaphragm
internal intercostal muscles
external intercostal muscles

Question 6

diaphragm during inspiration?

Answer 6

contracts, increase volume of chest

Question 7

diaphragm during expiration?

Answer 7

relaxes, elastic recoil passive expiration

Question 8

what do the external intercostal muscles do?

Answer 8

lift lungs upwards and outwards during inspiration

Question 9

what do the internal intercostal muscles do?

Answer 9

pull ribs down and in during expiration

Question 10

Tidal volume?

Answer 10

volume of air that moves during single inspiration/expiration

Question 11

Inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 11

additional volume you inspire above tidal volume

Question 12

expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 12

amount of air forcefully expired after normal expiration

Question 13

residual volume?

Answer 13

volume of air that cannot be expelled at end of maximal expiration

Question 14

vital capacity?

Answer 14

sum of inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve and tidal volume

Question 15

total lung capacity?

Answer 15

sum of vital capacity and residual volume

Question 16

functional residual capacity?

Answer 16

sum of expiratory reserve and residual volume

Question 17

inspiratory capacity?

Answer 17

sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume

Question 18

2 measurements from lung function test with spirometer?

Answer 18

Forced vital capacity (FVC)- full amount forcefully expired
forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) - volume forcefully expelled in the first second

Question 19

what does peak flow measure?

Answer 19

how fast air is blown out of lungs

Question 20

how is oxygen transported in blood?

Answer 20

dissolved in plasma or bound to haemoglobin

Question 21

how is CO2 transported?

Answer 21

dissolved, bound to haemoglobin or as HCO3-

Question 22

which receptor causes bronchoconstriction?

Answer 22

M3 muscarinic cholinergic

Question 23

which receptor mediates bronchodilation?

Answer 23

beta2 adreno-receptor

Question 24

role of type 1 cells in alveoli?

Answer 24

primary site for gas exchange

Question 25

role of type 2 cells in alveoli?

Answer 25

synthesize surfactant to reduce surface tension and resistance during breathing