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S1 Flashcards (MA) > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

General Functions

A

Sensation
motor
intergration

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2
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system

brain
spinal cord

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3
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

everywhere else in the body

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4
Q

Afferent

A

Relays sensory information TOWARD the CNS

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5
Q

Efferent

A

Relays motor information AWAY from the CNS

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6
Q

Somatic

A

Innervates voluntary muscle

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7
Q

Automatic

A

Innervates involuntary muscle and glands

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8
Q

Parasympathetics

A

“Rest and digest”

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9
Q

Sympathetics

A

“Fight or flight”

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10
Q

Nervous tissue characteristics

A

Irratibility - responds to stimulus
conductivity
secretion of neurotransmitters or hormones

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11
Q

Nervous tissue cells

A

Glial Cells - Supporting Cells
Neurons- Functional cells

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12
Q

Glial cells in the CNS

A

ependymal cells
microglia
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes

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13
Q

Ependymal cells functions

A

Lines the spaces
produces cerebral spinal fluid

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14
Q

Microglia cells functions

A

Phagocytes
move around the CNS

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15
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Produce myelin

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16
Q

Astrocytes

A

Provide physical support for neurons and their processes
maintains optimal external environment for neurons
guides neurons for their development
forms the blood brain barrier

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17
Q

Glial Cells in the PNS

A

Satellite cells
shwann cells

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18
Q

Satellite cells functions

A

Provides physical support for neurons

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19
Q

Schwann cells functions

A

Makes myelin
guides neurons during development and their processes
guides for regeneration

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20
Q

Soma

A

Neurons Cell body

contains major organelles
no centrioles

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21
Q

Dendrites

A

Processes attached to the soma
main receivers of nuerons

contain mitochondria and cytoskeleton proteins

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22
Q

Axon

A

Process attached to the soma at the axon hillock
helps movement
maintains shape

contain mitochondria and cytoskeleton proteins

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23
Q

Types of axons

A

Unmyelinated
myelinated

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24
Q

Node of ranvier

A

Where axon is exposed from myelin

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25
Axolemma
Axons membrane
26
Types of transportation along the axoplasm
Axoplasmic flow axonal transport
27
Axoplasm
Axons cytoplasm
28
Axoplasmic flow
Passive process TRANSPORTS: mitochondria cytoskeleton proteins
29
Axonal transport
Active transports uses cytoskeleton proteins
30
Types of axonal transport
Anterograde retrogrde
31
Anterograde axonal transport
Soma >>>axon terminal TRANSPORTS: Neurotransmitters
32
Retrograde axonal transport
Axon terminal >>> soma TRANSPORTS: VIRUSES HEAVY METALS
33
Neurons based on structure
psuedounipolar bipolar multipolar
34
Neurons based on function
Afferent efferent interneurons
35
Interneurons
Connects afferent and efferent
36
Ionic channels
Leak channels gated channels
37
Leak channels
ALWAYS OPEN NA+ LEak channels K+ leak channels
38
Gated channels
OPEN &. CLOSE Chemically gated channels voltage gated channels
39
Chemically gated channels
Opens when a chemical attaches to the proteins Closez when a chemical is not attached to the proteins
40
Voltage Gated channels
Open & Close at different membrane voltages Voltage gated NA+ channels voltage gated K+ channels
41
Membrane Potential
a barrier between electrical charges
42
Resting membrane potential
in a stimulated neuron USES NA+ & K+ leak channels NA+- K+ ATP Pumps Anionic proteins
43
Graded Potential
in a stimulated neuron USES chemically gated NA+ channels
44
Anionic protein charge
negative
45
ATP PUMP
for every 3NA+ out 2K+ in
46
Local current
diffusion of NA+ underneath adjacent pieces of membrane
47
Action Potential
generated at the axon hillock USES local current from a graded potential NA+ & K+ voltage gated channels
48
Action potential steps
starts at RMP Local current diffuses along axon hillock depolarizes to threshold voltage gated NA+ channels open' NA+ rushes into axon hillcok depolarizes the membrane VOltage gated NA+ channels close Voltage K+ channels open K+ rushes out of axon hillock Repolarizes VOltage gated channels become active voltage gated channels start closing hyperpolarization voltage gated K+ channels finally close Returns to RMP
49
RMP =
-70mv
50
Threshold =
-55mv
51
repolarization
membrane voltages move back to negative
52
hyperpolarization
membrane voltage drops lower than RMP
53
REfractory periods
Starts at threshold ends when returned to RMP
54
absolute refractory period
starts at threshold ends at -55mv during repolarization
55
reflective Refractory period
starts at -55mv during the repolarization ends when returned to resting membrane potential
56
Threshold Stimuli
generates enough local current to depolarize the axon hillock to threshold
57
subthreshold stimuli
does NOT generate enough local current to depolarize the axon hillock to threshold
58
Summaation
can add effects of stimuli together
59
temporal summation
apply 1 subthreshold over a short period of time
60
spatial summation
apply multiple subthreshold stimuli sumutaniously
61
Continuous Propogation conduction
occurs along an unmyelinated axon individual electrical currents each piece of axolemma is depolarized to threshold generating an action potentiaal
62
Saltatory Conduction
occurs along a myelinated axon generates action potentials at succesive nodes of ranvier voltage gated channels only are found at the nodes of ranvier
63
factors that affect the rate of conduction
presence of myelin diameter of axon temperature
64
presence of myelin means
electrical activity is faster in a myelinated axon
65
diameter of axon means
larger = faster smaller= more resistance slower (typically unmyelinated)
66
temperate effects
rates of diffusion effects local current effects Action potential
67
synapse
where axon terminal communicates with a postsynaptic cleft
68
If a neurotransmitter receptor is a ... chemically gated NA+ channel
NA+ diffuses into the postsynaptic cleft causes depolarization produces EPSP
69
If a neurotransmitter receptor is a ... chemically gated K+ channel
K+ diffuses out of post synaptic cleft causes hyperpolarization produces IPSP
70
If a neurotransmitter receptor is a ... chemically gated CL- channel
CL- diffuses into post synaptic cleft produces IPSP
71
ISPS
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
72
ESPS
excitatory postsnaptic potential
73
cholinergic synapse
releases ACh
74
ACh production
OCCURS in the axon terminal USES choline= amino acid ACellCOA= BYproduct of ATP
75
ACh breakdown
ACh turns into choline and acetyle
76
Cholinergic synapse locations
neurotransmitter junctions ALL neuron- neuron synapse in PNS Most neuron- neuron synapse in CNS between parasympathetic neuron & its effector orgin
77
Alzheimer's disease
progressive degeneration of cholinergic neurons Cells die Stops transferring information
78
LOW PH on neutral activity
decreases neuron excitability by decreasing the RMP volatage
79
HIGH PH neutral activity
increases neuron excitability by increasing the RMP voltage
80
Reflexes
rapid automatic response to a stimulus (external or internal)
81
steps of reflex arc
apply stimulus to activate a sensory receptor activate a afferent neuron CNS processing activate efferent neuron response of effector organ
82
site of CNS processing
Cranial- ALL in brain Spinal - ALL in soinal
83
monosynaptic reflex
1 synapse
84
polysynaptic reflex
2+ synapses

S1 Flashcards (MA) (12 decks)

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