skeletal exam

Question 1

define Osteoprogenitor cell

Answer 1

Stem cells

undergo mitosis

Question 2

define Osteoblasts

Answer 2

Immature bone cells, make up part of the matrix

Question 3

define Osteocytes

Answer 3

Mature cells, maintain the matrix

Question 4

define Osteoclasts

Answer 4

Large multinucleated cells that have lyosome responsible or breaking down the bone

Question 5

define Hydroxyapatite crystals

Answer 5

Hard mineral salts- Ca2+

hard

Question 6

define Osteoid

Answer 6

Collagen protein fibers made by osteoblast

strong and flexible

Question 7

define Trabeculae

Answer 7

Thin bony plates

Question 8

define lamellae

Answer 8

Concentric rings of the matrix

Question 9

define lacunae

Answer 9

Hold osteocytes

Question 10

define caniliculi

Answer 10

Channels in the matrix that come off the lacunae allows

cells to communicate

Question 11

define osteon

Answer 11

Long cylindrical haversian systems

Question 12

define interstitial lamellae

Answer 12

Remnants of old osteon

Question 13

define circumferential lamellae

Question 14

define volkmanns canals

Answer 14

Run perpendicular to central canals of osteons

Question 15

define endosteum

Answer 15

Lines marrow cavities

contains: simple squamous epithelium
osteoprogenitor cells

Question 16

define periosteum

Answer 16

Goes around outside of bone

has fibrous and cellular layers

Question 17

define diaphysis

Question 18

define epiphysis

Question 19

define metaphysis

Question 20

define epiphyseal plate

Question 21

define epiphyseal line

Question 22

define osteogenisis

Answer 22

Bone development process of ossification and calcification

Question 23

define calcification

Answer 23

Puts mineral salts into bone

Question 24

define primary center of ossification

Question 25

define secondary centers of ossification

Question 26

define simple fracture

Answer 26

Closed not exposed

Question 27

define compound fracture

Answer 27

Open bone is exposed

Question 28

define synarthrotic

Question 29

define amphiarthrotic

Question 30

define diarthrotic

Question 31

define flexion

Question 32

define extension

Question 33

define hyperextension

Question 34

define dorsiflexion

Question 35

define plantar flexion

Question 36

define abduction

Question 37

define adduction

Question 38

define rotation

Question 39

define circumduction

Question 40

define pronation

Question 41

define inversion

Question 41

define supination

Question 42

define eversion

Question 43

define protraction

Question 44

define retraction

Question 45

define elevation

Question 46

define depression

Question 46

define luxation

Question 47

define subluxation

Question 48

define sprain

Question 49

skeletal system functions

Answer 49

Structure/shape support protection energy storage mineral storage site of hematopoiesis

Question 50

what are the types of osseous tissue?

Answer 50

Spongy bone compact bone

Question 51

how does spongy look?

Question 52

how does a compact bone look?

Question 53

how are spongy and compact bone different from each other?

Question 54

what makes a bone hard?

Answer 54

Mineral salts-

Question 55

what makes a bone strong?

Answer 55

Collagen protein fibers

Question 56

what is the organic part of the matrix?

Answer 56

Osteoid

Question 57

types of ossification

Answer 57

Infamembranous endochondral

Question 58

what is the inorganic part of the matrix?

Answer 58

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 59

Types of bones based on structure?

Answer 59

Flat short irregular sutural bone sesmoid

Question 60

Explain the process of endochondral ossification

Answer 60

Start with hyaline Cartilage model ......funish

Question 60

explain the process of intramembranous ossification

Answer 60

Start with messenchyme stimulates to become osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblast become osteoid

Question 61

List the types of bone growth

Answer 61

oppisitional longittudal

Question 62

List the zones of the epiphyseal plate in order from epiphysis to diaphysis

Question 63

List the factors that affect bone development and growth

Answer 63

Calcium vitamin D vitamin C vitamin A Vitamin K vitamin B12 thyroxine growth hormone sex hormones perathyroid hormone stress on bones sleep

Question 64

Types of bone disorders

Answer 64

Rickets Osteomalacia Gigantism Acromegaly Pituitary dwarfism Marfan’s syndrome Achondroplasia Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteoporosis

Question 65

Osteomalacia

Question 66

Rickets

Question 67

Gigantism

Question 68

Acromegaly

Question 69

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 70

Achondroplasia

Question 71

Marfan’s syndrome

Question 72

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 73

Osteoporosis

Question 74

List the risk factors for osteoporosis.

Question 75

types of fractures

Answer 75

Comminuted Compression Spiral Epiphyseal Depressed Greenstick

Question 75

List the steps in fracture repair

Question 76

List the different things that the skeleton can tell you about the person it used to belong to

Question 77

What is the difference between a primary and secondary curvature?

Question 78

What is the difference between a fontanel and a suture?

Question 79

What are the primary and secondary curvatures?

Question 80

Explain the differences between female and male pelvises

Question 81

List the different types of articulations based on structure

Question 82

List the types of fibrous articulations

Question 82

List the different types of articulations based on the amount of movement allowed.

Question 83

List the parts of a synovial joint

Question 84

List the types of cartilaginous articulations

Question 85

List the types of synovial articulations,

Question 86

List the types of arthritis,

Question 87

give examples of a flat bone

Question 88

give examples of a short bone

Question 89

give an example of a irregular bone

Question 90

give examples of a sutural bone

Question 91

give examples of a sesmoid bone

Question 92

explain oppositional bone growth

Question 93

explain longittudal bone growth