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Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the nervous system?

A

1 Sensory input

  1. Integration
  2. Homeostasis
  3. Mental activity
  4. Control of skeletal muscle
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2
Q

What pathway does the sensory system use?

A

Ascending pathway

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3
Q

Skeletal muscles are supplied by what Nervous system?

A

Somatic NS

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4
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle?

A

Acetylcholine

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5
Q

How many vertebrae are in the spine?

A

26 - 7 cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 1 Sacral, 1 Coccygeal

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6
Q

How many nerves supply the Spine?

A

31 - 8 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 5 Saccral, 1 coccygeal

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7
Q

What are the two primary divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

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8
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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9
Q

What is the Afferent pathway?

A

It is the ascending pathway that takes information to the central nervous system

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10
Q

What is the efferent pathway?

A

It is the descending pathway that take motor information to the muscle and glands

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11
Q

Efferent NS is split into 2 categories, what are they?

A

Somatic

Autonomic

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12
Q

What does the Somatic NS supply?

A

Skeletal Muscle

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13
Q

What does the Autonomic NS Supply?

A

Smooth muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Glands

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14
Q

What is the name of the neurotransmitter for the skeletal muscle and the Parasympathetic NS?

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

What is a Ganglia?

A

a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fibre.

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16
Q

What is the main difference between the Autonomic and Somatic NS?

A

The Autonomic is involuntary, the somatic is Voluntary.

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17
Q

The Autonomic NS is further divided, what are these categories?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS

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18
Q

What are the main difference between Sympathetic and parasympathetic NS?

A

Sympathetic NS is ‘Fight or Flight’

Parasympathetic is ‘Rest and Digest’

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19
Q

What is the main physical differences between Sympathetic and parasympathetic NS?

A

With the Sympathetic NS, the ganglia are closer to the spinal cord, meaning they have a shorter Pre ganglia neuron and a longer post ganglia neuron. The Neurons leave in the mid spine.

The parasympathetic is the opposite, and leave at the brain stem and coccyx.

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20
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for the Sympathetic NS?

A

noradrenaline

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21
Q

What is a ‘receptor’ and an ‘effector’?

A

A receptor is where a signal/impulse starts

Effector is the effect/reaction on the other side.

22
Q

What are the two nerve cells?

A

Neurons and neuroglia

23
Q

What does Neuroglia do?

A

It Supports the Neurons, Regulates there environment, and defends them from infection.

24
Q

What is the name given the RER in a neuron?

A

Nissl body

25
Why would a Neuron contain lots of RER?
to make the neurotransmitter protein
26
What is the name given to the small protrusion sometimes found on the axon?
Collateral
27
What is the function of the microtubules found in the neuron?
To transport the Neurotransmitters.
28
What are the 3 different types of Structural classification of Neurons?
Multipolar - many dendrites and one axon - motor neuron Unipolar - One extension from the cell body - sensory neuron Bipolar - One dendrite one axon - found in eyes, ears and nose.
29
What is the name of the cell that make the myelin sheath in the PNS?
Schwann cells - they are a neuroglia
30
What is the name of the cell that makes the myelin in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes these are a neuroglia
31
Name 4 Neuroglia that are found in the CNS and give there functions ?
Oligodendrocytes (myliantion), Astroglia (keeping Blood Brain Barrier), Microglia (defense, like a macro-phage) and Ependymal Cells (Secrete Cerebral Spinal Fluid)
32
Name the one Neuroglia that is found only in the PNS?
Schwann Cells - mylianation
33
Depending on the neuron Schwann cells can have two different functions. What are these?
Support (hold neurons together) - unmyelinating | Insulate (wrapped around neurons) - myelinating
34
What is the name given to the synapse between the terminal synapse of one neuron and the dendrite of another?
Axodendritic Synapse
35
What is the name given to the synapse between the cell body and the axon?
Axosomatic Synpase
36
What is the name given to the synapse between an axon and axon?
Axo-axonic synapse
37
What is the collective name for when axons come together in the PNS?
Nerve Fibres - white matter
38
What is the collective names for Cell bodies in the PNS?
Ganglia - grey matter
39
What is the collective name for Axons in the CNS?
Tracts - White matter
40
What is the collective name given to cell bodies in the CNS?
Centres - Grey matter
41
What is the name given to the connective tissue that covers one neuron?
Endoneurium
42
What is the name given to the CT that covers a group of Axons?
Perineurium
43
What is the name given to the CT that covers the whole outter sheath?
Epineurium
44
What is the name given to the collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS?
Ganglia
45
Where is the dorsal root ganglia found?
Protruding from the spinal vertbrea
46
What is the function of the spinal cord?
To provide link between the PNS & CNS
47
What vertebrae dose the spinal cord end?
L1/L2
48
Is the Dorsal and Ventricle roots sensory or motor?
Dorsal is Sensory and the Ventricle is motor.
49
What are the names given to the 3 regions of the spinal grey matter?
Anterior, posterior and lateral Horns
50
What is the name of the fluid found in the Spinal central canal?
Central spinal fluid
51
What are the names and functions of the 3 main sensory pathways?
Spinothalmic Tract - Temperature and pain Spinocerebellar Tract - exact position of the joints Dorsal Column - Fine touch, position and vibration
52
What is the main descending pathway/tract?
Coticospinal tract - used in voluntary movement.

BMS 1001 (18 decks)

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