Nervous system

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

he network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body

Question 2

Sensory input

Answer 2

Maintaining balance depends on information received by the brain from three peripheral sources

Question 3

Integration

Answer 3

Processes and interprets the sensory input and makes decisions about what should be done at each moment.

Question 4

Central Nervous System

Answer 4

Consists of the brain and spinal cord, which act as the integration and command centers of the nervous system

Question 5

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 5

Outside of the CNS, consists mainly of the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord.

Question 6

Afferent

Answer 6

Neurons carrying impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS

Question 7

Efferent

Answer 7

Neurons carrying impulses from the CNS to the viscera and muscles and glands.

Question 8

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 8

the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements

Question 9

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 9

The motor subdivision of the PNS that controls body activities automatically

Question 10

Neuroglia

Answer 10

non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 11

Astrocytes

Answer 11

a star-shaped glial cell of the central nervous system

Question 12

Microglia

Answer 12

resident macrophages of the brain and spinal cord, and thus act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system

Question 13

Ependymal cells

Answer 13

line the CSF-filled ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.

Question 14

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 14

a glial cell similar to an astrocyte but with fewer protuberances, concerned with the production of myelin in the central nervous system

Question 15

Schwann Cells

Answer 15

cells in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons

Question 16

Satellite Cells

Answer 16

have the potential to provide additional myonuclei to their parent muscle fiber, or return to a quiescent state

Question 17

Neurons

Answer 17

a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell

Question 18

Dendrites

Answer 18

short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body

Question 19

Axons

Answer 19

the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells

Question 20

Axon Terminals

Answer 20

endings by which axons make synaptic contacts with other nerve cells or with effector cells

Question 21

Neurotransmitters Synapse

Answer 21

vesicle-targeting and fusion events

Question 22

Myelin

Answer 22

a mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, increasing the speed at which impulses are conducted

Question 23

Myelin Sheath

Answer 23

forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord and is made up of protein and fatty substances

Question 24

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 24

a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells

Question 25

Depolarization

Answer 25

As the sodium rushes back into the cell the positive sodium ions raise the charge inside of the cell from negative to positive

Question 26

Action Potential

Answer 26

a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory

Question 27

Repolarization

Answer 27

change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential has changed the membrane potential to a positive value

Question 28

Cerebrum

Answer 28

the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure

Question 29

Parietal Lobe

Answer 29

sensation and perception and the other is concerned with integrating sensory input

Question 30

Frontal Lobe

Answer 30

involved in motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgement, impulse control, and social and sexual behavior

Question 31

Occipital Lobe

Answer 31

correctly understand what your eyes are seeing

Question 32

Temporal Lobe

Answer 32

play an important role in organizing sensory input, auditory perception, language and speech production, as well as memory association and formation

Question 33

Gray Matter

Answer 33

the darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites

Question 34

Cerebral White Matter

Answer 34

connect various grey matter areas

Question 35

Cerebellum

Answer 35

the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.