Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards
Matter
Anything with mass and takes up space
Kinetic energy
Energy an object possesses due to its motion
Potential energy
Energy an object has due to its position in a force field or to configuration to its parts
Chemical energy
Energy stored in bonds of chemical compounds
Electrical energy
Energy newly derived from electric potential energy
Mechanical energy
The sum of potential energy and kinetic energy
Radiant energy
Energy of electromagnetic waves
Element
Substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter
Atom
The basic unit of a chemical element
Proton
A subatomic particle with a positive charge
Neutron
A subatomic particle with no net charge
Electron
A subatomic particle with a negative charge
Molecules
The smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound
Compound
a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together
Chemical reaction
process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance
valence shell
the outermost shell of an atom
Ionic bonds
the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms
Ions
atoms with extra electrons or missing electrons
covalent bonds
chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
hydrogen bonds
the electrostatic attraction between polar molecules
synthesis reactions
type of reaction in which multiple reactants combine to form a single product
decomposition reactions
type of chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds
exchange reactions
any of a class of chemical reactions between two substances that involves an exchange of one or more ionic components
inorganic compounds
compounds which contain carbon
organic compounds
when carbon is bound to hydrogen
electrolytes
minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge
carbohydrates
organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues
glucose
Simple sugar in human metabolism
monosaccharide
molecules with more than one hydroxyl group
disaccharides
a sugar composed of two monosaccharides
polysaccharides
polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages
lipids
group of naturally occurring molecules
triglycerides
an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids
phospholipids
class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes
steroids
organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific configuration
cholesterol
organic molecule
protein
large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues
amino acids
organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic acid functional groups
enzymes
biological molecules that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur everywhere in life
DNA
molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms
ATP
a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme
