Chapter 2 Vocab

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything with mass and takes up space

Question 2

Kinetic energy

Answer 2

Energy an object possesses due to its motion

Question 3

Potential energy

Answer 3

Energy an object has due to its position in a force field or to configuration to its parts

Question 4

Chemical energy

Answer 4

Energy stored in bonds of chemical compounds

Question 5

Electrical energy

Answer 5

Energy newly derived from electric potential energy

Question 6

Mechanical energy

Answer 6

The sum of potential energy and kinetic energy

Question 7

Radiant energy

Answer 7

Energy of electromagnetic waves

Question 8

Element

Answer 8

Substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter

Question 9

Atom

Answer 9

The basic unit of a chemical element

Question 10

Proton

Answer 10

A subatomic particle with a positive charge

Question 11

Neutron

Answer 11

A subatomic particle with no net charge

Question 12

Electron

Answer 12

A subatomic particle with a negative charge

Question 13

Molecules

Answer 13

The smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound

Question 14

Compound

Answer 14

a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together

Question 15

Chemical reaction

Answer 15

process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance

Question 16

valence shell

Answer 16

the outermost shell of an atom

Question 17

Ionic bonds

Answer 17

the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms

Question 18

Ions

Answer 18

atoms with extra electrons or missing electrons

Question 19

covalent bonds

Answer 19

chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Question 20

hydrogen bonds

Answer 20

the electrostatic attraction between polar molecules

Question 21

synthesis reactions

Answer 21

type of reaction in which multiple reactants combine to form a single product

Question 22

decomposition reactions

Answer 22

type of chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds

Question 23

exchange reactions

Answer 23

any of a class of chemical reactions between two substances that involves an exchange of one or more ionic components

Question 24

inorganic compounds

Answer 24

compounds which contain carbon

Question 25

organic compounds

Answer 25

when carbon is bound to hydrogen

Question 26

electrolytes

Answer 26

minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge

Question 27

carbohydrates

Answer 27

organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues

Question 28

glucose

Answer 28

Simple sugar in human metabolism

Question 29

monosaccharide

Answer 29

molecules with more than one hydroxyl group

Question 30

disaccharides

Answer 30

a sugar composed of two monosaccharides

Question 31

polysaccharides

Answer 31

polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages

Question 32

lipids

Answer 32

group of naturally occurring molecules

Question 33

triglycerides

Answer 33

an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 34

phospholipids

Answer 34

class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes

Question 35

steroids

Answer 35

organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific configuration

Question 36

cholesterol

Answer 36

organic molecule

Question 37

protein

Answer 37

large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues

Question 38

amino acids

Answer 38

organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic acid functional groups

Question 39

enzymes

Answer 39

biological molecules that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur everywhere in life

Question 40

DNA

Answer 40

molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms

Question 41

ATP

Answer 41

a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme