Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one another

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of how the body and its parts work or function

Question 3

Organelle

Answer 3

Any number of organized or specialized structures in a cell

Question 4

Cell

Answer 4

The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

Question 5

Tissue

Answer 5

Distinct types of material of which plants or animals are made.

Question 6

Organ

Answer 6

A part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function

Question 7

Organ System

Answer 7

A group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions

Question 8

Organism

Answer 8

An individual plant, animal, or single-celled life form

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

Question 10

Homeostasis

Answer 10

The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes

Question 11

Negative-feedback mechanisms

Answer 11

Occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances

Question 12

Receptor

Answer 12

An organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve

Question 13

Control Center

Answer 13

Sets the range of values to be maintained (brain)

Question 14

Effector

Answer 14

an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus

Question 15

Positive feed-back mechanism

Answer 15

process that occurs in a feedback loop in which the effects of a small disturbance on a system include an increase in the magnitude of the perturbation

Question 16

Anatomical position

Answer 16

The erect position of the body with the face directed forward, the arms at the side, and the palms of the hands facing forward, used as a reference in describing the relation of body parts to one another

Question 17

Superior

Answer 17

correspond to the head and feet

Question 18

Inferior

Answer 18

to the lower surface of a structure

Question 19

Anterior

Answer 19

nearer the front, especially situated in the front of the body or nearer to the head

Question 20

Posterior

Answer 20

further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end, especially of the body or a part of it

Question 21

sagittal plane

Answer 21

divides the body into left and right

Question 22

transverse plane

Answer 22

an imaginary plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Question 23

frontal plane

Answer 23

any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal

Question 24

oblique plane

Answer 24

Slanting

Question 25

thoracic plane

Answer 25

artificial horizontal plane used to divide the mediastinum into the superior mediastinum and the inferior mediastinum.

Question 26

abdominal cavity

Answer 26

largest body cavity in humans and many animals, and holds the bulk of the viscera

Question 27

pelvic cavity

Answer 27

body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis

Question 28

serous membranes

Answer 28

mesothelial tissue that lines certain internal cavities of the body, forming a smooth, transparent, two-layered membrane lubricated by a fluid derived from serum

Question 29

pericardial cavity

Answer 29

the fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pericardium.

Question 30

pleural cavity

Answer 30

thin fluid-filled space between the two pulmonary pleurae

Question 31

peritoneal cavity

Answer 31

potential space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum, that is, the two membranes that separate the organs in the abdominal cavity from the abdominal wall