Neural Deficiets

Question 1

What causes neural neuropore?

Answer 1

A failure of portions of the anterior neuropore to close results in Encephalocele manifested by the protrusion of a sac from the cranium consisting of portions of the meninges and CSF, glial tissue, and brain substance with or without the ventricles

Question 2

What are the consequences of failed closure of the anterior neuropore?

Answer 2

Holoprosencephaly and SHH

• Failure of right and left hemispheres to separate .
• Cleft Lip/Palate
• Cyclopia
• Fetal Alcohol syndrome

Question 3

What is spina bifida?

Answer 3

Spina bifida , called myeloschisis , occurs when the posterior neuropore fails to close.

1. spina bi-fida occulta (defect of mesodermal origin)
2. spina bifida aperta
   a. Meningocele
   b. Meningomyelocele

Question 4

What are the markers of neural tube defects?

Answer 4

Markers
•α – fetoprotein
•Increased AChE
•Ultrasound