neurocognition

Question 1

what comprises cognition?

Answer 1

language

social cognition

executive functioning

memory

visuospatial perception

Question 2

what does cognition require?

Answer 2

synaptic interactions between pyramidal cells

of all neocortical association areas

Question 3

language implementation system? describe it

Answer 3

step before brocas and wernickes

decision to use language

Question 4

what does the medational system consist of?

Answer 4

temporal

parietal

frontal association areas

Question 5

what does the medational system do?

Answer 5

relays information to the language implementation system from the third system in language production

Question 6

what does the conceptual system do?

where does it send information?

Answer 6

provides concepts underlying language
ex( match word cup to object cup)

includes ventral visual pathway

sends information to mediational system

Question 7

what does the ventral visual pathway do?

Answer 7

provides us with the names of objects

Question 8

babies younger than 6 months are referred to as what?

Answer 8

language universalists

can understand any language

Question 9

between 6 and 9 months what happens with babies and sounds?

Answer 9

they start to recognize specific sounds related to language

Question 10

at one year wat happens with babies?

Answer 10

convert babbling to a spoken language

Question 11

during the language acquisition phase, what happens if you learn a language?

Answer 11

same pathway as the first language

Question 12

after the language acquisition phase, what happens if you learn a language?

Answer 12

activated an adjacent region next to brocas area

Question 13

what is the last language region to receive input?

Answer 13

language implementation pathway

Question 14

what are the two components of social cognition?

Answer 14

emotional comprehension

theory of mind

Question 15

what is emotional comprehension?

Answer 15

infer anothers emotional state through

Prosody
and
facial expression

Question 16

how are the neural circuits for recognizing others emotions and producing emotions related?

Answer 16

they are the same

Question 17

what is step 1 of emotional comprehension?

Answer 17

identify face as something special

via

superior temporal sulcus and fusiform gyrus

Question 18

what is step 2 of emotional comprehension?

Answer 18

use amygdala, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingular cortex

connect step 1 with emotional component

Question 19

where do facial cues come from?

Answer 19

triangle surrounded eyes. nose and mouth

Question 20

what scans the eyes nose and mouth when looking at a fase?

Answer 20

amygdala

Question 21

what if amygdala is damaged?

Answer 21

person cant get emotional context from another person face

Question 22

when does the mirror neuron system fire?

Answer 22

when you do something, when you see someone else do the same thing

Question 23

what are the three parts of the mirror neuron system, what do they do?

Answer 23

1. posterior superior temporal sulcus: provides visual input
2. posterior mirror neuron system: identifies that action is happening
3. anterior mirror neuron system: identifies goal of action

Question 24

how does circuit for imitating interact with limbic system?

Answer 24

via insula

Question 25

what is prosody?

Answer 25

pattern of stress and intonation in language

Question 26

what is step 1 in perception of prosody

Answer 26

primary auditory cortex does basics of sound processing identity of pitch, loudness, etc

Question 27

what is step 2 of perception of prosody?

Answer 27

information sent to right posterior superior temporal sulcus info from secondary auditory process comes here too piece together meaning of of loudness, pitch etc

Question 28

what is step 3 of perception of prosody?

Answer 28

frontal cortex judges emotional stimulus

Question 29

what is theory of mind?

Answer 29

ability to understand the mental states of other, appreciate that they are different than us

Question 30

what is core pathway of theory of mind?

Answer 30

amygdala, connections to medial temporal lobes (memory, sensory) orbitofrontal areas( sensory, emotional)

Question 31

what is the scaffold for theory of mind?

Answer 31

language, becomes less important as you age

Question 32

what is an accessory pathway required for theory of mind?

Answer 32

frontal lobes

Question 33

what is needed for theory of mind to exist?

Answer 33

emotional comprehension

Question 34

how do you make a decision when you can feel the risks?

Answer 34

stimulus encoding system evaluates evidence when making decision

Question 35

what makes up the stimulus encoding system?

Answer 35

orbitofrontal cortex ventromedial frontal cortex striatum

Question 36

what does the action selection system do?

Answer 36

learns and encodes subjective values of results error detection takes over from expected reward system, decides if a decision was good

Question 37

what makes up the action selection system

Answer 37

anterior cingulate cortex

Question 38

what makes up the expected reward system? what do each of the components do

Answer 38

basal ganglia, amygdala, insular cortex: process social emotions intraparietal cortex: somatosensory processing , planning/intent PREDICTS REWARD when you dont have adequate info, you do this