Neurology

Question 1

Cushing’s Triad

Answer 1

Hypertension, Bradycardia, Irregular breathing
Signs of ICP

Question 2

Dandy Walker

Answer 2

No cerebellum
Distended 4th and lateral ventricles

Question 3

Arnold Chiari malformations

Answer 3

I: Cerebeller tonsils, ASx
II: Vermis, medulla. Hydrocephalus, syringomyelia

Question 4

Closed-Angle glaucoma

Answer 4

Obstruction of canal of Schlemm
Sudden onset, emergency

Question 5

Watershed areas

Answer 5

Hippocampus, Splenic flexure

Question 6

Bugs and their lobes

Answer 6

Frontal: Rubella
Temporal: HSV
Parietal: Toxo
Hippocampus: Rabies
Posterior Fossa: Tb

Question 7

Tract affected by Syphilis

Answer 7

DCML

Question 8

Bleed with lucid interval

Answer 8

Epidural hematoma

Question 9

Astrocytoma

Answer 9

Rosenthal fibers
Children with occipital HA

Question 10

Ependymoma

Answer 10

Rosettes in the 4th ventricle
Hydrocephalus

Question 11

Craniopharyngioma

Answer 11

Motor oil Bx
Rathke’s Push
ADH problem
Bitemporal Hemianopsia

Question 12

Glioblastoma Multiforme

Answer 12

Pseudopalisading, necrosis
Worst Px
Intralesional Hemorrhage

Question 13

Hemangioblastoma

Answer 13

In the cerebellum, associated with VHL

Question 14

Medulloblastoma

Answer 14

Pseudorosettes compressing the brain
Early morning vomiting

Question 15

Meningioma

Answer 15

Parasagittal
Psammoma Bodies, Whirling pattern, Best Px

Question 16

Oligodendroglioma

Answer 16

Fried Egg appearance, Nodular Calcification

Question 17

Pinealoma

Answer 17

Loss of upward gaze, loss of circadian rhythms
Precocious puberty

Question 18

Schwannoma

Answer 18

CN 8 nerve tumor
Unilateral deafness

Question 19

NF

Answer 19

Cafe au lait spots
Peripheral nerve tumors, axillary freckles
1: Chr 17, Optic glioma, Lisch nodules, scoliosis
2: Chr 22, Acoustic neuromas, cataracts, b/l deafness

Question 20

Sturge Weber

Answer 20

Port wine stain
Retinal angioma
Epilepsy
Mental retardation

Question 21

Tuberous sclerosis

Answer 21

Ash leaf spots
Primary brain tumors
Heart rhabdomyolysis
RCC
Leathery Shagreen patches

Question 22

Labyrinthitis

Answer 22

Inflammation of cochlear ear
Hearing loss and tinnitus

Question 23

s/e of valproic acid

Answer 23

PANCREATITIS

Question 24

PML

Answer 24

JC virus attacks oligodendrocytes
Can be re-activated by Natalizumab (IBD)

Question 25

Lewy body histo

Answer 25

Cluster of round, dense cells with eosinophilic core, halo

Question 26

MLF dysfunction

Answer 26

Pontine A stroke (lacunar) damages unilateral MLF MS causes bilateral MLF dysfunction (MLF is responsible for opposite eye adduction)

Question 27

Glasses shapes

Answer 27

Myopia gets Concave lenses

Question 28

Hyphema

Answer 28

Trauma causes blood to pool at the bottom of the anterior chamber

Question 29

Esotropia

Answer 29

Cross-eyed

Question 30

Hypopyon

Answer 30

Anterior uveitis causes pus to pool in the bottom of the anterior chamber

Question 31

Sub-conjuctival hemorrhage

Answer 31

Spontaneous, diffuse, with no pain or visual effects

Question 32

Drusen

Answer 32

Lipids and proteins in Brusch membrane Associate with age-related macular degeneration

Question 33

Vitreous hemorrhage

Answer 33

Occurs in shaken baby (abuse)

Question 34

Increased cup:disc

Answer 34

Glaucoma

Question 35

Dot-blot hemorrhages in eye

Answer 35

micro hemorrhages from diabetic retinopathy

Question 36

Where does the dura attach

Answer 36

C2 and 3 to S2 Responsible for cranial motion

Question 37

Anterior Cerebral A stroke

Answer 37

Contralateral LE sensory, motor loss

Question 38

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar (AICA) A stroke

Answer 38

Vertigo, facial paralysis Ipsilateral Horner, ataxia, deafness contralateral body pain/temp loss

Question 39

Anterior Spinal A stroke

Answer 39

Contralateral paralysis, loss of proprioception Ipsilateral tongue deviation

Question 40

Basilar A stroke

Answer 40

Quadriplegia, almost everything lost Locked in syndrome if the RAS is spared

Question 41

Lentiulostriate A stroke

Answer 41

Contralateral pure motor loss

Question 42

Middle cerebral a stroke

Answer 42

Contralateral paralysis and sensory loss (mostly UE, face) Temporal: Wernickes Frontal: Broca's

Question 43

Posterior cerebral a stroke

Answer 43

contralateral hemianopsia with macular sparing

Question 44

Posterior inferior cerebellar a (PICA) stroke

Answer 44

Dysphagia, hoarseness, absent gag reflex Ipsilateral Horner's, ataxia Decrease pain/temp on contralateral body, ipsilateral face

Question 45

GCS for eye responses

Answer 45

1. No Eye opening 2. Open to pain 3. Open to voice 4. Open spontaneously

Question 46

GCS for Verbal Responses

Answer 46

1. Nothing 2. Incomprehensible sounds 3. Words but nonsense 4. Confused 5. Nonsense

Question 47

GCS for Motor response

Answer 47

1. None 2. Extension to pain (decerebrate) 3. Abdominal flexion to pain (decorticate) 4. Flexion / Withdrawal to pain 5. Localizes pain 6. Obeys commands

Question 48

Succinylcholine

Answer 48

Fast acting, Short lasting depolarizing 2 phases of action

Question 49

Cisatracurium

Answer 49

Non-depolarizing Intermediate onset / duration SE: HPTN from histamine Used in RF, undergoes Hoffman elimination

Question 50

Rocuronium

Answer 50

Non-Depolarizing Fast acting, medium-lasting Hepatotoxic

Question 51

Pancuronium

Answer 51

Non-Depolarizing Slow acting, long-lasting Tachycardia Renal metabolism

Question 52

Hemiballismus

Answer 52

From lacunar infarct to contralateral sub thalamic nuclei

Question 53

Gestermann Syndrome

Answer 53

Dominant hemisphere stroke to angular gyrus in Parietal Finger agnosia, can't math, write, read, L/R disorientation

Question 54

Hemispatial Hemineglect Syndrome

Answer 54

Inferior Parietal lobe of non-dominant hemisphere Spacial neglect of non-dominant hemisphere

Question 55

Perinaud Syndrome

Answer 55

Balance difficulties, conjugate downward gaze (setting sun), insomnia, nystagmus From Pineal gland tumor compressing the pre-tectal midbrain (aka dorsal midbrain syndrome)