Pulmonary

Question 1

PIE syndromes

Answer 1

Pulmonary Infiltrates w/ Eosinophilia
Churg-Strauss
Loeffler’s
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

Question 2

Drugs that cause pulmonary eosinophilia

Answer 2

Nitrofurantoin
Sulfonamides

Question 3

Most common congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 3

Bochdalek hernia
More commonly on the posterior left side

Question 4

Morgagni hernia

Answer 4

Anterior / middle of diaphragm
Bowel sounds in thorax
u/s finding at birth, immediate surgery

Question 5

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 5

Obstructive lung disease

Question 6

Stridor on auscultation

Answer 6

Inspiration: Extrathoracic narrowing
Expiration: Intrathoracic narrowing

Question 7

Ronchi

Answer 7

Mucus in the airway (obstructive)

Question 8

Crackles

Answer 8

Blowing collapsed alveoli open (restrictive)

Question 9

Tracheal deviation

Answer 9

Moves away from tension, toward atelactasis

Question 10

Restrictive lung disease

Answer 10

Small stiff lungs can’t get air in

Question 11

Obstructive lung disease

Answer 11

Mucus filled lungs, cannot get air out

Question 12

Tracheitis

Answer 12

Acute URI
Pt is toxic
Grey pseudomembranes, leukocytosis

Question 13

Bronchiolitis

Answer 13

Asthma in kids less than 2 yo

Question 14

Tooth pain worsens with bending forward

Answer 14

Sinusitis
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

Question 15

Bronchiectasis

Answer 15

Bad breath, purulent sputum, hemoptysis

Question 16

Bronchitis

Answer 16

Blue bloater: increased sputum production

Question 17

Emphysema

Answer 17

Obstructive disease
a-1-antitrypsin deficiency

Question 18

Laryngomalacia

Answer 18

Epiglottis rolls in from side to side

Question 19

PE on ECG

Answer 19

Large S in I
Large Q in III
Inverted T in III

Question 20

Tracheomalacia

Answer 20

Soft cartilage and stridor since birth

Question 21

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 21

Defective chloride transporter
Meconium ileus
Steatorrhea
Bronchiectasis

Question 22

Silicosis

Answer 22

Sandblasters and glassblowers

Question 23

Byssinosis

Answer 23

Cotton workers and textile workers

Question 24

Berylliosis

Answer 24

Radio, TV repair, fluorescent light bulbs
Aerospace manufacturing
Mining it

Question 25

Anthracosis

Answer 25

Coal workers Extensive fibrosis

Question 26

Eggshell calcification around lymph nodes

Answer 26

Sarcoidosis: NON-Caseating granulomas

Question 27

Small Cell Lung Ca

Answer 27

Located at carina Malignant Cushing's, SIADH, SVC syndrome

Question 28

Bronchoalveolar CA

Answer 28

Looks like pneumonia From pneumoconiosis, non-smokers

Question 29

Atypical Pneumonia

Answer 29

Prolonged illness, low fever, older people Diffuse on X-Ray (typical is unilobar) Haemophilus, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia

Question 30

FEV1 / FVC

Answer 30

Obstructive: Low (Increased FVC) Restrictive: Normal or High (decreased FVC)

Question 31

Isoproterenol

Answer 31

non-specific b-Helper Maintains BP, breathing under anesthesia, tx bronchoconstriction due to sympathetic tone

Question 32

Albuterol

Answer 32

B2-helper, relaxing bronchial SM

Question 33

Salmeterol

Answer 33

B2-Helper, relaxing bronchial SM Long acting for prophylaxis

Question 34

Methylxanthines

Answer 34

Theophylline PDE inhibitors: decrease cAMP hydrolysis Promote bronchodilator

Question 35

Muscarinic antagonists

Answer 35

Ipratropium Prevent bronchoconstriction (muscarinic) Used for Asthma and COPD

Question 36

Cromolyn

Answer 36

Prevents mast cell chemical release For asthma prophylaxis

Question 37

Montelukast, Zileutron, Zafirlukast

Answer 37

Antileukotrienes, for aspirin induced asthma 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor

Question 38

2nd Gen Anti-Histamines

Answer 38

Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine

Question 39

Expectorants

Answer 39

Guanfacin NaC: breaks disulfide bonds in mucus plugs (Cystic Fibrosis)

Question 40

Bosentan

Answer 40

Endothelium-1 blocker Decreases pulmonary vascular resistance Tx pulmonary hypertension

Question 41

Dextromethorphan

Answer 41

NMDA-blocker, Antitussive Mild opioid effect

Question 42

Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine

Answer 42

a-Helper sympathomimetics OTC nasal decongestants

Question 43

Asthma test

Answer 43

Methacholine (muscarinic helper) challenge

Question 44

Screening for lung CA

Answer 44

50 - 80 yo AND 20+ Pack years AND quit within the last 15 CT

Question 45

Asbestositis

Answer 45

Restrictive